吩咐

• ピンイン: fēn fù
• 漢字の分解: 吩 = 口 + 分 (mouth + divide — to give instructions by dividing/assigning verbally); 咐 = 口 + 付 (mouth + to deliver — to verbally deliver a task or order)

意味

言いつける／指示する／（上の立場から）頼む

Implies a top-down instruction from someone with greater authority, seniority, or responsibility. Less harsh than 命令 (to order) but more directive than 建议 (to suggest). Commonly used between employers and employees, seniors and juniors, elders and younger family members. In service contexts, also used as a polite invitation to make requests.

例文

1. 老板在出发前往外地出差之前仔细地将下周的工作安排吩咐给了秘书，要求她在此期间全权协调各部门的日程，并将重要事项以书面形式记录备查。
2. 奶奶握着孙子的手吩咐他，无论以后多难，都要守住底线，别为利益做损人品的事。
3. 将军在战前部署会上逐一吩咐各营任务和撤退路线，并强调通信畅通是执行计划的关键。

使い方ガイド

場面: work, family, hierarchy, daily life

トーン: authoritative

正しい言い方

• 您有需要就尽管吩咐，我们会尽力安排，确保您这次访问的一切需求都及时妥当。(If you need anything, just say the word. We will do our best to arrange it and ensure everything during your visit is handled promptly and properly.)
• 父亲临终前把兄弟几人唤到床前，吩咐长子照顾好母亲和幼弟，这成了家里的精神约定。(Before dying, their father called the brothers to his bedside and instructed the eldest to care for their mother and younger brother; it became the family's lasting pact.)

避ける言い方

• 吩咐 when speaking upward to a superior — it is top-down language; a subordinate should not say 我吩咐老板; use 请示 (to seek instructions) or 建议 (to suggest) when directing communication upward

起源と歴史

吩 = 口 + 分 (mouth + divide — to divide and assign tasks verbally); 咐 = 口 + 付 (mouth + to deliver/hand over — to verbally hand over a task or instruction) — together: to give verbal instructions

文化的背景

世代: All ages

社会的背景: Universal