批判

• Pinyin: pī pàn
• Desglose de hanzi: 批 = 扌 + 比 (hand + compare — to annotate and evaluate); 判 = 半 + 刀 (half + knife — to cut apart and distinguish)

Significado

criticar (de forma sistemática y de principios); hacer una crítica

Stronger and more formal than 批评. 批判 implies thorough, principled criticism applied to ideologies, works, or institutions. 批判性思维 (critical thinking) is a positive academic term. Historically associated with Maoist political struggle sessions (批判大会).

Ejemplos

1. 这篇学术论文对现行教育体制的弊端进行了深入而系统的批判，提出了多项改革建议。
2. 批判性思维是现代教育的核心能力之一，应从中学阶段便加以系统培养。
3. 他在文章中对消费主义文化的盛行进行了犀利的批判，引发了广泛的社会讨论。

Guía de uso

Contexto: academic, intellectual discourse, politics, media

Tono: serious

Correcto

• 学术界对该理论的批判主要集中在其方法论层面，认为研究样本过于单一，难以支撑其宏观性结论。(Academic criticism of this theory is mainly concentrated at the methodological level, arguing that the research sample is too narrow to support its broad conclusions.)
• 这部纪录片以犀利的视角批判了快时尚行业对环境造成的深重危害，上映后引发了公众的强烈反思。(This documentary criticised the severe environmental harm caused by the fast-fashion industry from a sharp perspective, triggering intense public reflection after its release.)

Incorrecto

• 老师批判了他的作业 — use 批改 for marking or correcting homework; 批判 implies ideological or principled criticism, far too weighty for correcting schoolwork

Origen e historia

批 (annotate/judge in batches) + 判 (judge, distinguish) — to thoroughly examine and pass principled judgement

Contexto cultural

Generación: All ages

Contexto social: Universal