负有

• Pinyin: fù yǒu
• Desglose de hanzi: 负 = 刀 + 贝 (bear a burden); 有 = 月 + 又 (have, possess)

Significado

Tener que asumir; estar obligado a (una responsabilidad, deber u obligación).

Strictly collocates with abstract nouns of responsibility or duty: 负有责任 (bear responsibility), 负有义务 (have an obligation), 负有监管职责 (bear supervisory duty). Common in legal, administrative, and ethical discourse. Stronger and more formal than 有责任.

Ejemplos

1. 监管部门对此次食品安全事故负有不可推卸的监管责任。
2. 每位公民都负有依法纳税和维护社会秩序的基本义务。
3. 作为项目负责人，他对整个团队的工作质量负有直接的领导责任。

Guía de uso

Contexto: legal, administrative, ethics

Tono: serious

Correcto

• 生产企业对其产品的质量安全负有主体责任。(Manufacturing enterprises bear primary responsibility for the quality and safety of their products.)
• 父母对未成年子女的行为负有相应的监护义务。(Parents bear corresponding guardianship obligations for the behaviour of their minor children.)

Incorrecto

• 负有一本书 — 负有 collocates only with abstract obligations; use 有 or 持有 for possessing physical objects

Origen e historia

负 (bear/shoulder) + 有 (have/possess)

Contexto cultural

Generación: All ages

Contexto social: Universal