负有

• Pinyin: fù yǒu
• Hanzi breakdown: 负 = 刀 + 贝 (bear a burden); 有 = 月 + 又 (have, possess)

Meaning

To bear; to have (a responsibility, obligation, or liability). Used to express that a person or organisation is duty-bound to shoulder something.

Strictly collocates with abstract nouns of responsibility or duty: 负有责任 (bear responsibility), 负有义务 (have an obligation), 负有监管职责 (bear supervisory duty). Common in legal, administrative, and ethical discourse. Stronger and more formal than 有责任.

Examples

1. 监管部门对此次食品安全事故负有不可推卸的监管责任。 Regulators bear an inescapable supervisory responsibility for this food safety incident.
2. 每位公民都负有依法纳税和维护社会秩序的基本义务。 Every citizen has the basic obligation to pay taxes according to the law and uphold social order.
3. 作为项目负责人，他对整个团队的工作质量负有直接的领导责任。 As the project lead, he bears direct leadership responsibility for the quality of the entire team’s work.

Usage Guide

Context: legal, administrative, ethics

Tone: serious

Do Say

• 生产企业对其产品的质量安全负有主体责任。(Manufacturing enterprises bear primary responsibility for the quality and safety of their products.)
• 父母对未成年子女的行为负有相应的监护义务。(Parents bear corresponding guardianship obligations for the behaviour of their minor children.)

Don't Say

• 负有一本书 — 负有 collocates only with abstract obligations; use 有 or 持有 for possessing physical objects

Origin & History

负 (bear/shoulder) + 有 (have/possess)

Cultural Context

Generation: All ages

Social background: Universal