旱灾

• 拼音: hàn zāi
• 汉字拆解: 旱 = 日 + 干 (sun causing dryness); 灾 = 宀 (roof) + 火 (fire) — fire and calamity under a roof

含义

Drought disaster — a severe and prolonged period of deficient rainfall that causes significant agricultural, economic, and social damage.

More formal and serious than 旱情 (drought conditions). Used in government documents, disaster relief reporting, and news contexts. The antonym is 洪灾 (flood disaster). Often triggers national-level emergency response and disaster relief funding.

例句

1. 这场持续八个月的旱灾使西部数省的粮食产量大幅下滑，中央政府紧急下拨专项救灾资金。
2. 历史记载显示，该地区在十九世纪曾遭遇多次严重旱灾，造成大批人口背井离乡。
3. 农业部专家组赴灾区实地勘查后，评估认为此次旱灾的受灾面积和经济损失均属近年之最。

用法指南

语境: government, agriculture, disaster relief, journalism

语气: serious

正确说法

• 国家防汛抗旱总指挥部已将此次旱灾列为重大自然灾害，并协调各部门全力开展抗旱救灾工作。(The State Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters has classified this drought disaster as a major natural disaster and has coordinated all departments to carry out drought-relief work with full force.)
• 联合国粮食及农业组织发出警告，受气候变化影响，全球范围内旱灾的发生频率和严重程度正在持续上升。(The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization has issued a warning that, under the influence of climate change, the frequency and severity of drought disasters globally is continuing to rise.)

错误说法

• 旱灾 for temporary dry spells or mild dry conditions — 旱灾 implies disaster-level severity; for mild or brief dry conditions use 旱情 or 干旱

起源与历史

旱 (drought/dry) + 灾 (disaster, calamity) — drought-caused disaster

文化背景

世代: All ages

社会背景: Universal