旱灾

• ピンイン: hàn zāi
• 漢字の分解: 旱 = 日 + 干 (sun causing dryness); 灾 = 宀 (roof) + 火 (fire) — fire and calamity under a roof

意味

旱灾（深刻な干ばつ災害）

More formal and serious than 旱情 (drought conditions). Used in government documents, disaster relief reporting, and news contexts. The antonym is 洪灾 (flood disaster). Often triggers national-level emergency response and disaster relief funding.

例文

1. 这场持续八个月的旱灾使西部数省的粮食产量大幅下滑，中央政府紧急下拨专项救灾资金。
2. 历史记载显示，该地区在十九世纪曾遭遇多次严重旱灾，造成大批人口背井离乡。
3. 农业部专家组赴灾区实地勘查后，评估认为此次旱灾的受灾面积和经济损失均属近年之最。

使い方ガイド

場面: government, agriculture, disaster relief, journalism

トーン: serious

正しい言い方

• 国家防汛抗旱总指挥部已将此次旱灾列为重大自然灾害，并协调各部门全力开展抗旱救灾工作。(The State Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters has classified this drought disaster as a major natural disaster and has coordinated all departments to carry out drought-relief work with full force.)
• 联合国粮食及农业组织发出警告，受气候变化影响，全球范围内旱灾的发生频率和严重程度正在持续上升。(The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization has issued a warning that, under the influence of climate change, the frequency and severity of drought disasters globally is continuing to rise.)

避ける言い方

• 旱灾 for temporary dry spells or mild dry conditions — 旱灾 implies disaster-level severity; for mild or brief dry conditions use 旱情 or 干旱

起源と歴史

旱 (drought/dry) + 灾 (disaster, calamity) — drought-caused disaster

文化的背景

世代: All ages

社会的背景: Universal