顽固

• 병음: wán gù
• 한자 분석: 顽 = 元 (primary) + 页 (head/page, phonetic); 固 = 囗 (enclosure) + 古 (ancient, phonetic)

뜻

완고하다; 고집불통이다

Carries a clearly negative connotation. Used for people who are inflexibly resistant to new ideas, persuasion, or change — especially in political, ideological, or interpersonal contexts. Can also describe persistent problems (e.g. a stubborn stain or chronic condition) metaphorically.

예문

1. 他顽固地坚持自己的旧观念，不愿接受任何新的信息。
2. 这种顽固的偏见根植于他们的文化传统，很难在短期内消除。
3. 医生说这个病人的病情十分顽固，普通药物已经无法控制了。

사용 가이드

맥락: politics, interpersonal, medical

어조: critical

올바른 표현

• 他是个顽固的保守派，从不接受任何改革建议。(He's a die-hard conservative who never accepts any reform proposals.)
• 这种细菌具有顽固的耐药性，给治疗带来了很大挑战。(This bacterium has stubborn drug resistance, posing a major challenge to treatment.)

피해야 할 표현

• 把顽固当作中性或褒义词使用，如'他顽固地追求梦想' — for positive persistence use 坚持不懈 or 执着; 顽固 always implies wrongheaded stubbornness

기원과 역사

Compound of 顽 (stubborn, naughty — originally meaning 'hard stone', hence immovable) and 固 (firm, solid). Together convey unyielding rigidity.

문화적 배경

세대: All ages

사회적 배경: Universal