菩萨

• 병음: pú sà
• 한자 분석: 菩 = 艹 + 咅 (grass radical + phonetic — from Sanskrit bodhisattva); 萨 = 艹 + 达 (grass radical + phonetic — from Sanskrit sattva)

뜻

보살; (구어) 매우 자비롭고 이타적인 사람

In Chinese Buddhism, the most venerated bodhisattvas include 观音菩萨 (Guanyin), 文殊菩萨, and 地藏菩萨. Colloquially, calling someone 菩萨心肠 (bodhisattva heart) means they are exceptionally compassionate. 活菩萨 = a living saint. Sometimes used ironically.

예문

1. 她数十年如一日地照料村中孤寡老人，乡亲们都亲切地称她为活菩萨，视她为全村的精神支柱。
2. 大雄宝殿中央供奉着一尊庄严的菩萨金像，香烛烟雾缭绕，信众虔诚跪拜，祈求平安与福祉。
3. 他虽然脾气急躁，但每逢有人遭遇困难便会倾囊相助，朋友们都说他有一颗菩萨心肠。

사용 가이드

맥락: religion, culture, colloquial praise, Buddhism

어조: positive

올바른 표현

• 观音菩萨在汉传佛教文化圈中被视为慈悲与救苦的象征，其信仰跨越阶层与地域，深刻影响了华人社会的道德伦理观念与民间艺术表达形式。(Guanyin Bodhisattva is regarded in the cultural sphere of Chinese Buddhism as the symbol of compassion and relief from suffering; her worship transcends class and geography and has profoundly influenced the moral and ethical concepts and folk artistic expressions of Chinese societies.)
• 这位义工三十年来坚持为贫困山区的儿童筹集教育资金，被当地媒体誉为菩萨心肠的现代公益典范。(This volunteer has persistently raised educational funds for children in impoverished mountain areas for thirty years and has been praised by local media as a modern philanthropic exemplar with the heart of a bodhisattva.)

피해야 할 표현

• 菩萨 in religious contexts refers specifically to bodhisattvas in the Buddhist tradition — do not conflate with 神 (deity/god in a general sense) or 佛 (Buddha); colloquial use (活菩萨, 菩萨心肠) is affectionate and should not be used sarcastically in formal writing

기원과 역사

From Sanskrit 'Bodhisattva' (bodhi = awakening + sattva = being). Transliterated into Chinese as 菩提萨埵 (púsàduǒ), then shortened to 菩萨. 菩 and 萨 are phonetic transcriptions.

문화적 배경

세대: All ages

사회적 배경: Universal