机灵

• 병음: jī líng
• 한자 분석: 机 = 木 + 几 (wood + small frame, key mechanism, critical moment — implying alertness to opportunities); 灵 = 巫 + 口 + 口 + 口 (shaman + three mouths, originally 'rain-calling spirit', extended to clever, nimble, effective)

뜻

눈치 빠르고 재치 있다

机灵 describes a positive quality of mental agility and social perceptiveness, often used to describe children or young people: 这孩子真机灵 (This child is really sharp). It carries the connotation of practical cleverness and social awareness — knowing what to say and do at the right time. Unlike 聪明 (intelligent/academically smart), 机灵 emphasises quick thinking, adaptability, and social sensitivity. Synonyms: 伶俐 (quick and clever), 灵活 (flexible/nimble).

예문

1. 这个小姑娘眼神灵动、反应迅捷，初次见面便机灵地猜出了大家的来意，让在场的长辈们无不啧啧称赞。
2. 在那家竞争激烈的销售公司里，最受客户欢迎的往往不是学历最高的员工，而是那些机灵、懂得察言观色并能随机应变的老手。
3. 他从小就以机灵著称，无论身处何种困境，总能迅速找到出路，这种天生的应变能力让他在日后的商业竞争中如鱼得水。

사용 가이드

맥락: personality, children, work, social, everyday

어조: positive

올바른 표현

• 优秀客服不只要懂产品和耐心，还要机灵，能在客户突发投诉时迅速找到双赢方案。(An excellent customer service representative needs not only product knowledge and patience, but also to be quick-witted enough to find a win-win solution when complaints suddenly arise.)
• 班主任表扬他机灵懂事，课堂上能迅速听懂提示，也会体贴同学的情绪变化。(The homeroom teacher praised him for being sharp and sensible, able to quickly understand hints in class and also considerate of classmates' changing moods.)

피해야 할 표현

• 机灵 for deep academic intelligence or expertise — use 聪明 for general intelligence or 博学 for erudition; 机灵 specifically refers to practical cleverness, quick reactions, and social perceptiveness, not scholarly ability

기원과 역사

机 (key moment/opportunity) + 灵 (sharp/clever/spirit) — 机 in the sense of 'opportune moment'; 灵 means quick, nimble, and clever; together: quick to seize the moment, mentally alert and clever

문화적 배경

세대: All ages

사회적 배경: Universal