承認

• Reading: しょうにん
• Romaji: shounin
• Kanji breakdown: 承 (shou) — to accept, receive; 認 (nin) — to recognize, acknowledge
• Pronunciation: /ɕoː.niɴ/

Meaning

Approval; recognition. Officially accepting or acknowledging something.

A suru-verb (承認する) used in formal and business contexts for granting official approval, ratification, or endorsement. Takes a direct object with を. Common in bureaucratic, legal, and corporate settings.

Examples

1. 上司の承認がないと、このプロジェクトは始められない。 Osaka has long been known as a city of merchants.
2. 新しい薬が政府に承認されるまで数年かかった。 My grandfather worked as a merchant in a small town.
3. 予算案は全員の承認を得てから実行する。 Merchants in the Edo period developed their own unique culture.

Usage Guide

Context: business, government, legal

Tone: formal

Origin & History

Compound of 承 (shou, to accept/receive) and 認 (nin, to recognize/acknowledge). Together they mean to formally accept and recognize something as valid.

Cultural Context

Era: Modern

Generation: Adults

Social background: Professional