Discourse Connectors

Introduction

Advanced discourse connectors structure complex arguments and long texts. They signal redefinition, fundamentals, summaries, and transitions at a level expected in academic and professional writing.

These markers guide the reader through sophisticated reasoning.

Themes

All Japanese Grammar Advanced in This Chapter (13)

1. さて さて An interjection or conjunction used to shift the topic of conversation or mark a transition to a new subject. It signals that the speaker...
2. ちなみに ちなみに A conjunction meaning 'by the way' or 'incidentally,' used to add supplementary or tangential information related to the current topic. I...
3. ただ ただ A conjunction meaning 'however' or 'but,' used to introduce a supplementary remark, reservation, or minor qualification to the preceding ...
4. もっとも もっとも A conjunction meaning 'although,' 'having said that,' or 'though,' used to add a comment that partially retracts, qualifies, or puts into...
5. あるいは あるいは A conjunction meaning 'or,' 'alternatively,' or 'possibly,' used to present alternatives or to suggest another possibility. It connects t...
6. もしくは もしくは A conjunction meaning 'or,' used to disjunctively connect two items, ideas, or conditions. It presents mutually exclusive alternatives in...
7. 並びに ならびに A conjunction meaning 'and' or 'as well as,' used to combine two nouns or noun phrases in formal contexts. It indicates that the connecte...
8. 及び および A particle meaning 'and,' used to connect two nouns or noun phrases in formal writing and speech. It indicates that both items are includ...
9. 且つ・かつ かつ A conjunction meaning 'and' or 'as well as,' used to connect words, phrases, or sentences to indicate that two qualities, conditions, or ...
10. 加えて くわえて A conjunction meaning 'in addition' or 'moreover,' used to introduce supplementary information that builds upon what has already been sta...
11. 更に さらに An adverb and conjunction meaning 'furthermore,' 'additionally,' or 'even more,' used to indicate that something is being added to or esc...
12. また また An adverb and conjunction meaning 'also,' 'again,' or 'moreover,' used to indicate repetition of an action or addition of a new but relat...
13. ないし（は） ないし A particle meaning 'or,' 'to,' or 'through,' used to present two possible choices or to indicate a range between a minimum and maximum. I...