Abstract Concepts

概要

この章では「Abstract Concepts」というテーマにまとまって出てくる基本語彙を学びます。単語をばらばらに覚えるのではなく、場面といっしょに定着させるための構成です。

このまとまりを身につけると、その話題について話すときの語彙が増え、読むときも聞くときも反応しやすくなります。

テーマ

この章のJLPT N2 Vocabulary (779)

1. アイコン アイコン Icon; a small pictorial symbol on a screen or interface.
2. 相性 あいしょう Affinity; compatibility; chemistry between people or things.
3. 秋の訪れ あきのおとずれ The coming of autumn; the arrival of fall.
4. 悪循環 あくじゅんかん Vicious circle; vicious cycle.
5. アシスタント アシスタント Assistant; a person who helps or supports someone in their work.
6. 斡旋する あっせんする To mediate; to arrange; to act as a go-between; to fix up.
7. 圧倒 あっとう Overwhelm; overpower; crush; dominate completely.
8. 後回し あとまわし Putting off; postponing; deferring to later.
9. アピール アピール Appeal; plea; to promote oneself or highlight a strength.
10. アフターサービス アフターサービス After-sales service; warranty service; post-purchase support.
11. 網棚 あみだな Overhead luggage rack on a train or bus.
12. 過ち あやまち Fault; error; mistake; indiscretion; faux pas.
13. 粗筋 あらすじ Outline; summary; synopsis; plot summary.
14. アルカリ アルカリ Alkali; a chemical base that neutralizes acids.
15. 安価 あんか Cheap; inexpensive; low-priced.
16. アンケートの集計 アンケートのしゅうけい Survey tabulation; tallying of questionnaire results.
17. 安静 あんせい Rest; restfulness; keeping quiet and still for recovery.
18. 行き違い いきちがい Crossing without meeting; miscommunication; going astray.
19. 育成 いくせい Rearing; training; nurturing; cultivation; development.
20. 意向 いこう Intention; inclination; wish; view.
21. 礎 いしずえ Foundation stone; cornerstone; basis; groundwork.
22. 偉人 いじん Great person; eminent figure; distinguished individual.
23. 遺跡 いせき Archaeological remains; ruins; relics; historic site.
24. 依存 いぞん Dependence; reliance; dependency.
25. 委託 いたく Entrusting; consignment; commission; outsourcing.
26. 一因 いちいん One cause; one factor; a contributing reason.
27. 一人前 いちにんまえ One portion; one serving; also, a full-fledged adult or professional.
28. 一面 いちめん One face; one side; one aspect. Also, a whole surface or expanse.
29. 一括 いっかつ Lumping together; bundling; batch processing; all at once.
30. 一環 いっかん A link in a chain; part of a larger plan, campaign, or series of activities.
31. 一式 いっしき A complete set; a full kit; an outfit; a suite of items.
32. 一致団結 いっちだんけつ Solidarity; banding together as one for a common cause; united action.
33. 一票の格差 いっぴょうのかくさ Vote-value disparity; the unequal weight of votes across different electoral districts.
34. 異動する いどうする To transfer; to be reassigned to a different position or department.
35. 未だに いまだに Still; as yet; even now; to this day.
36. 嫌がらせ いやがらせ Harassment; pestering; bullying; deliberate annoyance.
37. 威力 いりょく Power; might; force; authority; influential strength.
38. 色気 いろけ Colouring; shade of colour. Also, sex appeal; charm; allure.
39. 異論 いろん A different opinion; an objection; a dissenting view.
40. 因子 いんし Factor; an element that contributes to a result or condition.
41. 引退表明 いんたいひょうめい Retirement announcement; a public declaration of retirement.
42. イントネーション イントネーション Intonation; the rise and fall of pitch in speech.
43. 内訳 うちわけ Breakdown; itemisation; classification of expenses or components.
44. 運河 うんが Canal; a man-made navigable waterway.
45. 運休 うんきゅう Suspension of service; cancellation of a transportation service.
46. 運行する うんこうする To operate; to run (a transportation service); to be in service.
47. 運搬する うんぱんする To transport; to carry; to convey goods or materials.
48. 運輸 うんゆ Transportation; conveyance; transport of goods and passengers.
49. 運用する うんようする To manage; to operate; to put to practical use; to invest (funds).
50. 閲覧 えつらん Inspection; reading; perusal; viewing of documents or web pages.
51. 閲覧コーナー えつらんこーなー Reading corner; a designated area in a library or public facility for browsing materials.
52. 獲物 えもの Prey; catch; game; something hunted or captured.
53. 沿岸 えんがん Coast; shore; coastal area along a body of water.
54. 演奏形態 えんそうけいたい Music performance type; the format or style in which music is performed.
55. 延長 えんちょう Extension; prolongation; the act of extending time, length, or a deadline.
56. 延長する えんちょうする To extend; to prolong; to lengthen a period, deadline, or physical distance.
57. 嘔吐 おうと Vomiting; emesis; the act of throwing up.
58. 大柄な おおがらな Large build; big-framed; tall and solidly built.
59. 奥行き おくゆき Depth; the distance from front to back of an object or space.
60. お使いを頼む おつかいをたのむ To send someone on an errand; to ask someone to run an errand.
61. オペラ オペラ Opera; a dramatic art form combining singing, orchestral music, and theatrical performance.
62. おまけ おまけ A free extra; bonus item; something thrown in with a purchase; freebie.
63. 思惑 おもわく Expectation; anticipation; speculation; ulterior motive or hidden calculation.
64. 織物 おりもの Textile; woven fabric; cloth produced by weaving.
65. 会員特典 かいいんとくてん Member privilege; membership benefit; exclusive perk for members.
66. 会員名簿 かいいんめいぼ Membership list; member register; a directory of members in an organisation.
67. 外観 がいかん Outward appearance; exterior; external looks of a building, object, or person.
68. 外交官 がいこうかん Diplomat; a person who represents their country in foreign affairs.
69. 介護する かいごする To provide nursing care; to look after someone who is elderly or disabled.
70. 介護福祉士 かいごふくしし Certified care worker; a nationally licensed professional who provides nursing care.
71. 解釈する かいしゃくする To interpret; to construe; to explain the meaning of something.
72. 回収する かいしゅうする To collect; to recover; to retrieve; to recall defective products.
73. 改正する かいせいする To amend; to revise; to reform a law, regulation, or official document.
74. 開拓する かいたくする To pioneer; to develop new land, markets, or frontiers.
75. 害虫 がいちゅう Pest; harmful insect; vermin that damages crops, gardens, or structures.
76. 改定する かいていする To revise; to amend an official standard, regulation, or price.
77. 改訂版 かいていばん Revised edition; an updated version of a book, manual, or document.
78. 該当 がいとう Applicable; corresponding to a specific category, condition, or requirement.
79. 該当箇所 がいとうかしょ Relevant section; the specific part or passage that applies to a given matter.
80. 回答する かいとうする To reply; to give a formal answer or response to a question or survey.
81. 介入する かいにゅうする To intervene; to step into a situation to influence or mediate the outcome.
82. 怪物 かいぶつ Monster; a fearsome creature, or a person of extraordinary ability or power.
83. 解明 かいめい Elucidation; the act of clarifying, solving, or unravelling a mystery or problem.
84. 概要 がいよう Outline; summary; a brief overview of the main points of a topic or document.
85. かかと かかと Heel; the back part of the foot or the bottom rear portion of a shoe.
86. カギ括弧 かぎかっこ Japanese quotation marks (「 」); angular brackets used in Japanese writing for dialogue and quotations.
87. 核心 かくしん Core; the heart or crux of a matter, issue, or problem.
88. 革新的な かくしんてきな Innovative; groundbreaking and introducing new methods, ideas, or technologies.
89. 革新派 かくしんは Reformist group; a faction that advocates for progressive change and innovation.
90. 獲得する かくとくする To acquire; to gain or win something through effort, competition, or achievement.
91. 楽譜 がくふ Sheet music; a written or printed musical score.
92. 崖 がけ Cliff; a steep rock face or precipice.
93. 可決する かけつする To pass a bill; to approve a proposal or legislation by vote.
94. 過失 かしつ Negligence; an accidental error or fault, often carrying legal implications.
95. 果実 かじつ Fruit; the edible product of a plant, also used figuratively for the results of effort.
96. 火星 かせい Mars; the fourth planet from the sun, known for its reddish appearance.
97. 価値観 かちかん Values; one's sense of values or personal value system that guides judgements and behaviour.
98. 合宿する がっしゅくする To hold a training camp; to stay together for intensive practice or study.
99. 合唱 がっしょう Chorus; singing together in unison or harmony as a group.
100. 合致 がっち Agreement; conformity or exact correspondence between two things.
101. 合併する がっぺいする To merge; to amalgamate; to consolidate two entities into one.
102. カテゴリ カテゴリ Category; a class or division used for classification.
103. カプセル カプセル Capsule; a small sealed container, especially for medicine or enclosing something.
104. 髪をいじる かみをいじる To fiddle with one's hair; to play with or touch hair repeatedly.
105. 加盟する かめいする To join; to become a member of an organization or alliance.
106. カメラマン カメラマン Photographer; cameraman; someone who operates a camera professionally.
107. 痒み かゆみ Itch; itching; an uncomfortable skin sensation that makes you want to scratch.
108. ガラス職人 ガラスしょくにん Glass artisan; a skilled craftsperson who works with glass.
109. 簡易な かんいな Simple; simplified; makeshift; basic in construction or procedure.
110. 簡易ベッド かんいベッド Cot; camp bed; a simple, portable, or temporary bed.
111. 看貫 かんかん Weighing; platform scales; a large scale used for measuring heavy objects.
112. 干渉 かんしょう Interference; intervention; meddling in others' affairs.
113. 観点 かんてん Point of view; viewpoint; standpoint; perspective.
114. 幹部 かんぶ Executive; management; leaders; top brass of an organization.
115. 勘弁 かんべん Pardon; forgiveness; forbearance; giving someone a break.
116. 勧誘 かんゆう Solicitation; invitation; canvassing; persuasion to join or buy something.
117. 戯曲 ぎきょく Drama; play; a written theatrical work meant to be performed on stage.
118. 帰結 きけつ Consequence; result; conclusion; an outcome that follows logically from a cause.
119. 棄権する きけんする To withdraw; to abstain; to forfeit one's right to participate.
120. 機種 きしゅ Model; type of machine or device; a specific make and model.
121. 犠牲 ぎせい Sacrifice; something given up or lost for a greater cause or purpose.
122. 規制する きせいする To restrict; to regulate; to control through rules or laws.
123. 北半球 きたはんきゅう Northern hemisphere; the half of the Earth north of the equator.
124. 規定する きていする To regulate; to stipulate; to provide for in rules or law.
125. 起点 きてん Starting point; origin; the point from which something begins.
126. 起動 きどう Startup; booting up; activation. The act of starting a machine, engine, or software.
127. 規範 きはん Model; standard; norm. A criterion or pattern that serves as a guide for behaviour or judgement.
128. 基盤 きばん Base; foundation; infrastructure. The fundamental structure on which something is built.
129. 起伏 きふく Undulation; ups and downs. Variations in height of terrain or fluctuations in events.
130. 疑問視 ぎもんし Doubting; questioning; viewing with scepticism.
131. 疑問点 ぎもんてん Point of uncertainty; unclarified issue; a specific doubt or question.
132. 逆ギレする ぎゃくぎれする To get angry at someone despite being in the wrong oneself; to turn the tables with misplaced anger.
133. 脚本 きゃくほん Script; screenplay; scenario. A written text for a play, film, or broadcast.
134. 脚本家 きゃくほんか Scriptwriter; playwright; screenwriter. A person who writes scripts for film, theatre, or television.
135. 救援 きゅうえん Relief; rescue. Providing assistance to those in distress or danger.
136. 救済 きゅうさい Relief; aid; rescue. Helping someone out of suffering or difficulty.
137. 救出 きゅうしゅつ Rescue; extraction. Physically saving someone from a dangerous situation.
138. 急性胃炎 きゅうせいいえん Acute gastritis. A sudden inflammation of the stomach lining.
139. 急な斜面 きゅうなしゃめん Steep slope; steep incline. A sharply angled surface of terrain.
140. 旧約聖書 きゅうやくせいしょ Old Testament. The first part of the Christian Bible, also sacred in Judaism.
141. 強行する きょうこうする To push through; to force through. To carry out something despite opposition or difficult conditions.
142. 共産主義 きょうさんしゅぎ Communism. A political and economic ideology advocating collective ownership of production.
143. 郷愁 きょうしゅう Nostalgia; homesickness. A longing for one's homeland or the past.
144. 強制する きょうせいする To force; to compel; to coerce. Making someone do something against their will.
145. 協調性 きょうちょうせい Cooperativeness; team spirit. The quality of being able to work harmoniously with others.
146. 脅迫 きょうはく Threat; menace; coercion; blackmail. Intimidating someone to force compliance.
147. 共鳴 きょうめい Resonance. A physical vibration phenomenon; also, sympathising deeply with an idea or feeling.
148. 共有 きょうゆう Sharing; joint ownership; co-ownership. Possessing or using something together with others.
149. 局面 きょくめん Phase; situation; aspect. A particular stage or state of affairs in a developing situation.
150. 許容 きょよう Permission; tolerance; acceptance. Allowing or accepting something within certain limits.
151. 切れ目 きれめ A gap, break, or rift; a point where something is cut or divided.
152. 均衡 きんこう Balance; equilibrium; a state where opposing forces are equal.
153. 吟味 ぎんみ Close examination; careful investigation; thorough scrutiny or selection.
154. 禁物 きんもつ Something that should be carefully avoided; a no-no; a forbidden thing.
155. 苦心 くしん Great pains; hard work; painstaking effort to achieve something.
156. 苦難 くなん Suffering; distress; hardship; a trial or tribulation.
157. 首筋 くびすじ The nape of the neck; the back or side of the neck.
158. 区分 くぶん Division; section; classification; the act of dividing into categories.
159. ぐるみ ぐるみ Including everything; -wide; together with the whole of something.
160. 警戒 けいかい Vigilance; caution; alertness; being on guard against danger.
161. 敬虔 けいけん Devout; pious; deeply reverent in religious faith or spiritual matters.
162. 軽視 けいし Making light of something; belittling; dismissing as unimportant.
163. 形式 けいしき Form; format; formality; outward appearance as opposed to substance.
164. 警備員 けいびいん A security guard; a person employed to protect or watch over a place.
165. 警報 けいほう A warning; an alarm; an official alert about danger.
166. 激励 げきれい Strong encouragement; urging someone on; inspiring greater effort.
167. 下駄箱 げたばこ A shoe rack or shoe cupboard placed at the entrance of a building.
168. 決意 けつい A firm decision; determination; resolution to do something.
169. 欠員 けついん A vacant position; a vacancy; an unfilled opening in an organisation.
170. 結合 けつごう Combination; union; joining together; coupling of separate elements.
171. 欠航 けっこう Cancellation of a scheduled flight, ship, or train service.
172. 欠如 けつじょ Lack; absence; deficiency of something essential.
173. 決勝 けっしょう The finals; the final round or match that decides the winner of a competition.
174. 結成 けっせい Formation; the act of forming or organising a group or organisation.
175. 結束 けっそく Union; unity; solidarity; banding together for a common purpose.
176. 決断 けつだん Decision; determination. A firm, resolute choice made after careful thought.
177. 下痢 げり Diarrhoea. A common medical term for loose or watery bowel movements.
178. 権威 けんい Authority; power; influence; prestige. The recognised expertise or commanding influence in a field.
179. 圏外 けんがい Outside a region or area; out of range (of a mobile network, radar, etc.); out of contention.
180. 検証する けんしょうする To verify; to inspect; to examine evidence or claims through careful investigation.
181. 建造する けんぞうする To build; to construct. Used for large-scale structures such as ships, buildings, or bridges.
182. 見地 けんち Point of view; viewpoint; standpoint. A position from which something is considered or evaluated.
183. 建築士 けんちくし Licensed architect; registered architect. A professionally certified building designer.
184. 建築様式 けんちくようしき Architectural style. The characteristic design approach of a building or era of construction.
185. 原本 げんぽん Original document; original copy; the authentic source text or manuscript.
186. 倹約する けんやくする To economise; to be frugal; to tighten one's belt. Deliberately spending less and saving money.
187. 原理 げんり Principle; fundamental truth; underlying theory that governs how something works.
188. 公安 こうあん Public peace; public safety; public security. Also refers to the public security police.
189. 好意 こうい Kindness; favour; goodwill; friendliness. A warm, positive feeling towards someone.
190. 攻撃する こうげきする To attack; to assault; to launch an offensive against a target.
191. 講座 こうざ Course; lecture series; a structured educational programme on a specific topic.
192. 交際費 こうさいひ Entertainment expenses; socialising costs. Money spent on business entertainment or social obligations.
193. 考察する こうさつする To investigate; to examine; to consider carefully. A thorough, analytical examination of a topic.
194. 口実 こうじつ Excuse; pretext. A reason given to justify an action, often not the true reason.
195. 交渉する こうしょうする To negotiate; to bargain; to conduct discussions to reach an agreement.
196. 香辛料 こうしんりょう Spice; spices; condiment. Aromatic seasonings used in cooking.
197. 降水量 こうすいりょう Amount of precipitation; rainfall. The measured volume of rain, snow, or other precipitation.
198. 功績 こうせき Achievement; meritorious deed; distinguished service; notable contribution.
199. 抗争 こうそう Rivalry; feud; conflict; struggle; strife. An ongoing dispute or power struggle between groups.
200. 拘束する こうそくする To restrain; to detain; to bind; to restrict someone's freedom of movement or action.
201. 交替する こうたいする To take turns; to take somebody's place; to alternate or rotate duties.
202. 構築する こうちくする To construct; to build; to establish a system, structure, or framework.
203. 鋼鉄 こうてつ Steel; a strong alloy of iron and carbon used in construction and manufacturing.
204. 口頭試験 こうとうしけん Oral examination; a test conducted through spoken questions and answers rather than writing.
205. 口頭で注意する こうとうでちゅういする To warn verbally; to give a spoken caution or reprimand rather than a written one.
206. 購入 こうにゅう Purchase; buying; the act of acquiring goods or services by paying for them.
207. 交付する こうふする To deliver; to issue; to grant officially, especially documents or certificates from an authority.
208. 公募する こうぼする To seek publicly; to solicit applications from the general public; to make an open call.
209. 公約する こうやくする To pledge; to make a public promise or commitment, especially in politics.
210. 公理 こうり Axiom; maxim; a self-evident truth accepted as a foundation for reasoning.
211. 効力 こうりょく Effect; efficacy; validity; the power of something to produce a result.
212. 小柄 こがら Small build; petite; of small stature or frame.
213. 顧客名簿 こきゃくめいぼ Customer mailing list; customer register; a list of clients and their details.
214. 国際紛争 こくさいふんそう International dispute; a conflict or disagreement between nations.
215. 国際連合 こくさいれんごう United Nations; the international organisation established in 1945 to promote peace, security, and cooperation.
216. 国土 こくど Country; territory; the land area belonging to a nation; domain or realm.
217. 国連 こくれん United Nations; UN; the common abbreviation for 国際連合.
218. 心配り こころくばり Exerting care; attention; consideration; thoughtfulness towards others.
219. 志 こころざし Will; resolution; intention; ambition; aim; a deeply held aspiration or goal.
220. 誤差 ごさ Measurement error; calculation error; the difference between an observed value and the true value.
221. 孤児院 こじいん Orphanage; an institution that houses and cares for children who have lost their parents.
222. 個性 こせい Individuality; personality; a unique or distinctive character trait that sets someone or something apart.
223. 誇張 こちょう Exaggeration; overstating something beyond what is accurate or true.
224. 国交 こっこう Diplomatic relations; the official relationship between nations.
225. 骨子 こっし Main point; gist; essentials; the core framework or skeleton of an idea or plan.
226. 事柄 ことがら Matter; thing; affair; circumstance.
227. コネ コネ Connection; pull; personal contacts used to gain advantage.
228. 孤立 こりつ Isolation; being cut off; standing alone without allies or support.
229. 根気 こんき Patience; perseverance; persistence; tenacity.
230. 根拠 こんきょ Basis; grounds; foundation; evidence supporting a claim.
231. 根源 こんげん Root; source; origin; fundamental cause of something.
232. コンサルタント コンサルタント Consultant; a professional who provides expert advice in a specialised field.
233. 混同 こんどう Confusion; mixing up; conflating two distinct things.
234. 再起動 さいきどう Restart; reboot; rebooting a device or system.
235. 採択 さいたく Adoption; selection; formal acceptance of a proposal or resolution.
236. 採点方式 さいてんほうしき Grading method; scoring system; the way points or marks are assigned.
237. 先延ばし さきのばし Delay; putting off; procrastination.
238. 作戦 さくせん Tactics; strategy; a plan of action for achieving a goal.
239. 指図 さしず Directions; instructions; orders; commands given to someone.
240. 差出人 さしだしにん Sender; the person who sends mail, a package, or a message.
241. 挫折 ざせつ Setback; frustration; being daunted; giving up partway through.
242. 刷新 さっしん Reform; renewal; a thorough overhaul to make something new again.
243. 寒気 さむけ Chill; the shivers; a shivering sensation, often from illness or fear.
244. 懺悔 ざんげ Repentance; confession; penitence for one's sins or wrongdoings.
245. 産出 さんしゅつ Production; output; yielding natural resources or products.
246. 参照 さんしょう Reference; consultation; looking something up for comparison or information.
247. 飼育 しいく Breeding; rearing; raising and caring for animals.
248. シーン シーン Scene; a particular part of a movie, play, or situation.
249. 潮が引く しおがひく The tide goes out; the tide ebbs; used figuratively for things fading away.
250. 自我 じが Ego; the self; one's sense of individual identity.
251. 紫外線 しがいせん Ultraviolet rays; UV radiation. Commonly discussed in relation to sun protection and skincare.
252. じきに じきに Soon; before long; shortly. Indicates something will happen in the near future.
253. 仕切り役 しきりやく Leader; organiser; the person who takes charge and manages proceedings.
254. 軸 じく Axis; shaft; axle; core principle or central focus.
255. 事項 じこう Matter; item; point; facts. Used to refer to specific items in lists or documents.
256. 試行錯誤 しこうさくご Trial and error. The process of learning through repeated attempts and mistakes.
257. 施行する しこうする To enforce; to put into effect; to implement a law or regulation.
258. 自己管理 じこかんり Self-management; self-discipline; taking care of oneself independently.
259. 自己主張 じこしゅちょう Self-assertion; expressing one's own opinions and desires clearly.
260. 自己分析 じこぶんせき Self-analysis; examining one's own strengths, weaknesses, and characteristics.
261. 示唆する しさする To suggest; to imply; to hint at something without stating it directly.
262. 視察 しさつ Inspection; observation tour; on-site visit to examine conditions.
263. 資産運用 しさんうんよう Asset management; investing and managing financial assets to grow wealth.
264. 資産家 しさんか Wealthy person; person of means; someone who possesses significant assets.
265. 自首する じしゅする To turn oneself in; to surrender to the police voluntarily.
266. 思春期 ししゅんき Puberty; adolescence. The developmental period between childhood and adulthood.
267. 自然淘汰 しぜんとうた Natural selection; the process by which the unfit are naturally eliminated.
268. 下請けする したうけする To subcontract; to take on work outsourced from a larger company.
269. 下地 したじ Groundwork; foundation; base; underlying preparation.
270. 自治 じち Self-government; autonomy; governing oneself without outside control.
271. 視聴する しちょうする To watch and listen; to view a broadcast or programme.
272. 質疑応答 しつぎおうとう Question-and-answer session; formal exchange of questions and responses.
273. 質疑する しつぎする To question; to interrogate; to pose questions in a formal setting.
274. 失言 しつげん Verbal gaffe; slip of the tongue; an inappropriate or careless remark.
275. 執行する しっこうする To execute; to carry out; to enforce a legal decision or sentence.
276. 実質 じっしつ Substance; essence; real content. Refers to the actual or true nature of something as opposed to its appearance or name.
277. 湿疹 しっしん Eczema; rash. A general medical term for inflammatory skin conditions causing redness, itching, or blistering.
278. 品数 しなかず Variety of goods; number of items or dishes. Refers to how many different kinds of products or items are available.
279. シナリオ しなりお Script; screenplay; scenario. A written text for a film, drama, or a projected sequence of events.
280. 指標 しひょう Index; indicator; benchmark. A numerical or qualitative measure used to evaluate status or progress.
281. 司法 しほう Judiciary; administration of justice. The branch of government responsible for interpreting and applying laws.
282. 始末する しまつする To dispose of; to deal with; to settle. Euphemistically, to kill or eliminate someone.
283. 使命 しめい Mission; duty; calling. A task or purpose one is entrusted with or feels compelled to fulfil.
284. 車窓 しゃそう Train window; car window. The window of a vehicle, especially a train, through which scenery is viewed.
285. 斜面 しゃめん Slope; incline; slanting surface. A surface that is tilted at an angle from the horizontal.
286. 集計する しゅうけいする To tally; to total up; to compile figures. To aggregate data or numbers into a summary.
287. 従事する じゅうじする To engage in; to be involved in work or an activity. To devote oneself to a pursuit or occupation.
288. 収縮 しゅうしゅく Contraction; shrinkage; constriction. The process of becoming smaller or tighter.
289. 収納 しゅうのう Storage; putting away; stowing. The act of storing or organising items in a designated space.
290. 重要視 じゅうようし Regarding as important; attaching importance to. The act of considering something highly significant.
291. 主観 しゅかん Subjectivity; personal viewpoint. One's own perspective or opinion as opposed to objective fact.
292. 祝辞 しゅくじ Congratulatory address; congratulatory speech. A formal speech given to celebrate an occasion.
293. 縮小 しゅくしょう Reduction; scaling down; shrinkage. The act of making something smaller in size, scope, or scale.
294. 縮小コピー しゅくしょうこぴー Reduced copy; scaled-down photocopy. A copy made at a smaller size than the original.
295. 受講する じゅこうする To take a course; to attend lectures. To enrol in and participate in a class or training programme.
296. 取材する しゅざいする To gather information; to cover a story; to interview. To collect material for reporting or writing.
297. 趣旨 しゅし Gist; purpose; point; purport. The main meaning or intention behind a statement, plan, or action.
298. 主体 しゅたい Main body; core; agent; subject. The central entity that drives or constitutes something.
299. 主題 しゅだい Subject; theme; motif. The central topic or main idea of a work, discussion, or piece of music.
300. 出演する しゅつえんする To appear; to perform. To participate as a performer in a show, film, broadcast, or event.
301. 出題する しゅつだいする To set questions; to pose a problem or question on an exam or quiz.
302. 出力 しゅつりょく Output; power output. Used for electrical, mechanical, or data output.
303. 主導 しゅどう Leadership; initiative; taking the lead in guiding or directing something.
304. 主導権 しゅどうけん Hegemony; leadership; initiative; the right or power to lead.
305. 首都圏 しゅとけん Greater Tokyo Metropolitan area; the capital region.
306. 主任 しゅにん Person in charge; senior staff member; chief; head of a section.
307. 首脳 しゅのう Head; leader; top figure. Used for the highest-ranking leaders of states or organisations.
308. 手法 しゅほう Technique; method; approach to doing something.
309. 樹木 じゅもく Tree; trees and shrubs. A formal or literary term for trees in general.
310. 純金 じゅんきん Pure gold; solid gold; fine gold (24 karat).
311. 準決勝 じゅんけっしょう Semifinal; the round before the final in a tournament or competition.
312. 順序 じゅんじょ Order; sequence; the arrangement of items or steps in a logical series.
313. 巡礼 じゅんれい Pilgrimage; a journey to sacred or significant places. Also the pilgrim themselves.
314. 条件に適う じょうけんにかなう To meet the requirements; to satisfy the conditions; to qualify.
315. 錠剤 じょうざい Pill; tablet; lozenge. A solid form of medicine taken orally.
316. 承諾する しょうだくする To accept; to consent; to give approval or agreement to a request.
317. 象徴する しょうちょうする To symbolise; to represent something abstract through a concrete image or object.
318. 焦点 しょうてん Focus; focal point. Both the optical term and the figurative centre of attention.
319. 賞与 しょうよ Bonus; a monetary reward given in addition to regular salary.
320. 勝利する しょうりする To win; to achieve victory in a competition, battle, or contest.
321. 上流 じょうりゅう Upper stream; upper course; upper reaches of a river.
322. 除外する じょがいする To exclude; to remove from a group, list, or consideration.
323. 植民地 しょくみんち Colony; a territory under the political control of another country.
324. 職務 しょくむ Professional duties; official responsibilities associated with a position.
325. 徐行する じょこうする To go slowly; to drive at reduced speed; to proceed with caution.
326. 序章 じょしょう Preface; foreword; introductory chapter of a book or work.
327. 女性専用車両 じょせいせんようしゃりょう Women-only carriage on a train; a designated car restricted to female passengers.
328. 所属する しょぞくする To belong to; to be affiliated with an organisation or group.
329. 処置する しょちする To treat; to take measures; to deal with a situation or injury.
330. 助長する じょちょうする To encourage; to promote; to foster — often with a negative connotation of making something worse.
331. 処罰する しょばつする To punish; to penalise; to impose a penalty on someone for wrongdoing.
332. 初版 しょはん First edition; the original published version of a book or work.
333. 処分 しょぶん Disposal; throwing away; disciplinary action; dealing with something decisively.
334. 処方する しょほうする To prescribe medication or treatment; to write a prescription.
335. 処方箋 しょほうせん Prescription; a written order from a doctor for medicine.
336. 庶民 しょみん Common people; ordinary people; the general public; the masses.
337. 所有する しょゆうする To own; to possess; to have legal ownership of property or assets.
338. 侵害する しんがいする To violate; to infringe upon; to encroach on someone's rights or territory.
339. 新規採用 しんきさいよう New hiring; recruitment of new employees; fresh employment.
340. 人権擁護団体 じんけんようごだんたい Human rights advocacy group; civil liberties organisation.
341. 人工衛星 じんこうえいせい Artificial satellite; man-made satellite orbiting the Earth.
342. 審査 しんさ Examination; screening; review; judging; inspection of applications or entries.
343. 人災 じんさい Man-made disaster; calamity caused by human error or negligence.
344. 人材 じんざい Talented person; capable individual; human resources; personnel.
345. 審査員 しんさいん Judge; examiner; reviewer; member of a judging panel.
346. 信者 しんじゃ Believer; follower; devotee; adherent of a religion or cause.
347. 伸縮 しんしゅく Expansion and contraction; elasticity; stretching and shrinking; flexibility.
348. 真髄 しんずい Essence; quintessence; true spirit; the heart and soul of something.
349. 申請する しんせいする To apply for; to file an application; to submit a formal request.
350. 心臓発作 しんぞうほっさ Heart attack; cardiac arrest; a sudden failure of heart function.
351. 浸透する しんとうする To penetrate; to permeate; to soak in. Used for both liquids seeping into materials and ideas spreading through society.
352. 振動する しんどうする To vibrate; to oscillate. Describes repeated back-and-forth movement.
353. 新婦 しんぷ Bride; the woman getting married. A formal term used primarily in wedding ceremonies.
354. 辛抱 しんぼう Patience; endurance; perseverance. The ability to bear hardship without complaint.
355. 人望 じんぼう Popularity; favorable reputation; high esteem from others. The trust and respect one earns from people.
356. 人望が厚い じんぼうがあつい To be well-respected; to enjoy high esteem; to be trusted by many people.
357. 新約聖書 しんやくせいしょ New Testament; the second major division of the Christian Bible.
358. 侵略する しんりゃくする To invade; to commit aggression against another country or territory.
359. 進路 しんろ Route; course; path. Also used figuratively for one's future career or educational direction.
360. 新郎 しんろう Bridegroom; groom. A formal term for the man getting married.
361. 彗星 すいせい Comet; a celestial body with a tail of gas and dust visible when near the sun.
362. 推測 すいそく Guess; conjecture; speculation. An inference based on limited evidence.
363. 推定 すいてい Presumption; assumption; estimation. A conclusion drawn from available evidence.
364. 随筆 ずいひつ Essay; miscellaneous writings; literary jottings. A prose genre of personal reflections.
365. 推論 すいろん Inference; deduction; reasoning. The process of drawing conclusions from premises.
366. スタジオ スタジオ Studio; a room or building for recording, broadcasting, photography, or artistic work.
367. 速やか すみやか Swift; prompt; speedy. Describes quick and smooth action or response.
368. ずれ ずれ Gap; lag; slippage; discrepancy. A deviation from an expected position or standard.
369. 声援する せいえんする To cheer; to shout encouragement; to give vocal support.
370. 成果 せいか Result; outcome; fruits of one's labor; accomplishment. Typically implies a positive result.
371. 正規の手続き せいきのてつづき Regular procedure; proper process; official formalities. The correct and authorized way of doing something.
372. 制御する せいぎょする To control; to regulate; to govern. Managing the operation of systems or restraining behavior.
373. 成熟する せいじゅくする To mature; to ripen. Used for both physical ripening and personal or societal development.
374. 聖書 せいしょ Bible; the Scriptures; Holy Writ. The sacred text of Christianity.
375. 精髄 せいずい Essence; kernel; spirit; pith. The most essential and vital part of something.
376. 制定する せいていする To establish; to enact; to institute. Used for creating laws, rules, or standards.
377. 正当化 せいとうか Justification; legitimisation. The act of making something appear right or reasonable.
378. 整備する せいびする To maintain; to service; to put in order. To prepare or improve infrastructure or equipment.
379. 成分 せいぶん Ingredient; component; composition. The constituent elements of a substance.
380. 性別 せいべつ Sex; gender. The distinction between male and female.
381. 制約する せいやくする To restrict; to constrain; to limit. To impose conditions that restrict freedom of action.
382. 接点 せってん Point of contact; point of tangency; common ground.
383. 設立する せつりつする To establish; to found; to set up. Used for organisations, companies, and institutions.
384. セミナー セミナー Seminar; workshop. A meeting or class for discussion and training on a specific topic.
385. 台詞 せりふ Line; dialogue; spoken words in a play, film, or manga.
386. 繊維 せんい Fibre; textile. Thin, thread-like structures or the textile industry.
387. 善意 ぜんい Goodwill; good intentions; kind-heartedness.
388. 先行する せんこうする To precede; to go ahead; to take the lead.
389. 先行販売 せんこうはんばい Pre-order; presale; advance sale. Selling products before the official release date.
390. 先行予約 せんこうよやく Advance reservation; pre-booking. Reserving something before general availability.
391. 先人 せんじん Predecessor; pioneer; forerunner; ancestor.
392. 先進国 せんしんこく Developed country; advanced nation; industrialised country.
393. 喘息 ぜんそく Asthma. A chronic respiratory condition causing difficulty breathing.
394. 先端 せんたん Tip; pointed end; cutting edge; forefront.
395. 前提 ぜんてい Premise; assumption; prerequisite; precondition.
396. 先方 せんぽう The other party; the other side; the other person or group in a transaction.
397. 全貌 ぜんぼう Full view; total picture; whole story; complete picture.
398. 前方不注意 ぜんぽうふちゅうい Not watching the road ahead; driver inattention; failure to pay attention to the front.
399. 素因 そいん Predisposing factor; basic cause; predisposition.
400. 早急 そうきゅう Urgent; prompt; immediate. Requiring swift action without delay.
401. 総合 そうごう Synthesis; combination; integration. Bringing multiple elements together into a unified whole.
402. 総合成績 そうごうせいせき Overall results; combined grades; aggregate performance across all subjects or categories.
403. 捜索 そうさく Search; manhunt. An organised effort to find someone or something missing.
404. 創作する そうさくする To create; to produce an original creative work such as a novel, film, or artwork.
405. 装飾する そうしょくする To decorate; to ornament; to embellish with visual elements.
406. 相続する そうぞくする To inherit; to succeed to property, rights, or obligations from a predecessor.
407. 想定 そうてい Hypothesis; assumption; supposition. An anticipated scenario or expected outcome.
408. 争点 そうてん Point at issue; point of contention. The central matter being disputed or debated.
409. 側面 そくめん Side; flank; lateral surface. Also used figuratively for a facet or aspect of something.
410. 措置 そち Measure; step; action taken to deal with a situation or problem.
411. 率先する そっせんする To take the initiative; to take the lead; to be the first to act.
412. 大意 たいい Gist; outline; synopsis. The general meaning or main points of a text or speech.
413. 大意をつかむ たいいをつかむ To catch the drift; to grasp the gist; to understand the general meaning of a text or conversation.
414. 退化 たいか Degeneration; regression; atrophy. A decline to a less developed or functional state.
415. 大工 だいく Carpenter; a skilled craftsperson who builds and repairs wooden structures.
416. 体系 たいけい System; organised framework; a coherent body of knowledge or methods.
417. 対抗 たいこう Opposition; rivalry; competition. Standing against or competing with an opposing force.
418. 胎児 たいじ Foetus; embryo; unborn baby developing in the womb.
419. 対処する たいしょする To deal with; to cope with; to take appropriate action against a problem or situation.
420. 対処法 たいしょほう Coping method; way of dealing with a problem; strategy for handling a difficult situation.
421. 体制 たいせい System; regime; organisational structure. The established order of governance or management.
422. 対談する たいだんする To have a formal dialogue; to hold a structured conversation, typically for publication or broadcast.
423. 台頭する たいとうする To rise to prominence; to emerge as a significant force; to come to power.
424. 対比 たいひ Contrast; comparison. Placing two things side by side to highlight their differences.
425. 太平洋沿岸 たいへいようえんがん Pacific coast; the coastal area along the Pacific Ocean.
426. 逮捕する たいほする To arrest; to apprehend a suspect or criminal.
427. 台本 だいほん Script; screenplay; libretto. The written text for a performance or broadcast.
428. 太陽系 たいようけい Solar system; the system of planets and other celestial bodies orbiting the Sun.
429. 打開する だかいする To overcome; to break through a difficult situation or deadlock.
430. 妥協案 だきょうあん Compromise plan; a proposal that involves mutual concessions to reach agreement.
431. タブレット タブレット Tablet; refers to both tablet computers and tablet-form medicine (pills).
432. 短歌 たんか Tanka; a traditional Japanese poem of 31 morae in 5-7-5-7-7 pattern.
433. 探求する たんきゅうする To search for; to seek; to pursue knowledge or truth.
434. 団結 だんけつ Unity; solidarity; the act of banding together for a common purpose.
435. 断言 だんげん Assertion; declaration; stating something with absolute certainty.
436. 短縮 たんしゅく Shortening; reduction; abbreviation; cutting down time or length.
437. 男女の格差 だんじょのかくさ Gender gap; the disparity or inequality between men and women.
438. 段取り だんどり Arrangements; planning; the steps or procedure for getting something done.
439. 段取りが悪い だんどりがわるい Poorly organised; badly planned; having inefficient arrangements.
440. タンパク質 たんぱくしつ Protein; one of the essential macronutrients for living organisms.
441. 断面 だんめん Cross section; a surface exposed by cutting through an object.
442. 地域ぐるみ ちいきぐるみ Community-wide; involving the whole area or neighbourhood.
443. 蓄積する ちくせきする To accumulate; to build up over time; to store or amass.
444. 秩序 ちつじょ Order; discipline; a state of systematic arrangement and regularity.
445. 注意報 ちゅういほう Advisory; warning bulletin issued by authorities, especially for weather.
446. 中継する ちゅうけいする To relay; to broadcast live; to transmit a signal from one point to another.
447. 中堅 ちゅうけん Mainstay; backbone; mid-career professional; key figure in an organisation.
448. 注釈する ちゅうしゃくする To annotate; to add explanatory notes to a text.
449. 中傷 ちゅうしょう Slander; defamation; malicious verbal attacks intended to damage reputation.
450. 中世 ちゅうせい Middle Ages; medieval times. In Japanese history, especially the Kamakura and Muromachi periods.
451. 抽選する ちゅうせんする To hold a lottery; to draw lots to select a winner at random.
452. 中立 ちゅうりつ Neutrality; remaining impartial and not taking sides in a conflict or dispute.
453. 駐輪する ちゅうりんする To park a bicycle; to leave a bicycle in a designated area.
454. 調印する ちょういんする To sign; to affix a signature to an official document such as a treaty or contract.
455. 懲役 ちょうえき Penal servitude; imprisonment with hard labour. A prison sentence involving compulsory work.
456. 聴講する ちょうこうする To audit a course; to attend a lecture as a listener without receiving credit.
457. 徴収する ちょうしゅうする To collect; to levy taxes, fees, or payments from people by authority.
458. 嘲笑 ちょうしょう Scornful laughter; ridicule; derision. Mocking someone with contempt.
459. 長編 ちょうへん A long work; a full-length novel, feature film, or extended creative work.
460. 長編小説 ちょうへんしょうせつ A full-length novel; a long novel as opposed to a novella or short story.
461. 直視 ちょくし To look straight at something; to face reality squarely without averting one's eyes.
462. 著作権の侵害 ちょさくけんのしんがい Copyright infringement; the unauthorised use of copyrighted material.
463. 貯蔵する ちょぞうする To store; to keep goods, food, or materials in reserve for later use.
464. 直感 ちょっかん Intuition; a gut feeling or instinct that arises without conscious reasoning.
465. 直観力 ちょっかんりょく Intuitive ability; the power of intuition. The capacity to grasp things instinctively.
466. 沈黙 ちんもく Silence; the state of being quiet and not speaking. Hush.
467. 陳列する ちんれつする To display; to exhibit items by arranging them in a row for viewing or sale.
468. 追及する ついきゅうする To pursue; to press someone for answers or hold them accountable.
469. 追突 ついとつ A rear-end collision; crashing into the back of another vehicle.
470. 追放する ついほうする To exile; to banish or expel someone from a group, country, or organisation.
471. 墜落 ついらく A fall; a crash. Especially the crashing of an aircraft from the sky.
472. 通販カタログ つうはんカタログ A mail-order catalogue; a catalogue for ordering products remotely.
473. 通話 つうわ A telephone call; speaking over the phone. Also used for internet voice and video calls.
474. 杖 つえ A cane; a walking stick or staff used for support when walking.
475. つま先 つまさき Toes; the tips of the toes. Also the toe area of shoes or socks.
476. 釣り合い つりあい Balance; equilibrium. A state where opposing forces or elements are evenly matched.
477. 提携する ていけいする To partner with; to form an alliance or business tie-up with another party.
478. 帝国 ていこく Empire; a large sovereign state ruled by an emperor. Used both historically and metaphorically.
479. 体裁 ていさい Outward appearance; form; how something looks to others. Often implies concern with social image.
480. 提唱 ていしょう Advocacy; proposal. Publicly putting forward a theory, idea, or initiative for others to consider.
481. 低迷する ていめいする To be sluggish; to be in a slump. Describes a prolonged period of poor performance or stagnation.
482. 定理 ていり Theorem; a mathematical or logical proposition that has been proven to be true.
483. 適応 てきおう Adaptation; the process of adjusting to new conditions, environments, or circumstances.
484. 手際 てぎわ Skill; dexterity; the ability to handle tasks efficiently and smoothly.
485. 手際がいい てぎわがいい Well-crafted; skilful; efficient. Describes someone who handles tasks deftly and smoothly.
486. 手口 てぐち Modus operandi; a criminal technique or trick used to deceive or commit a crime.
487. テクノロジー テクノロジー Technology; the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes.
488. 手数 てすう Trouble; bother; the effort or steps required to accomplish something.
489. 手すり てすり Handrail; railing; banister. A bar or rail for gripping to maintain balance on stairs or balconies.
490. 撤去する てっきょする To remove; to take away or dismantle something that was installed or placed.
491. 鉄鋼 てっこう Iron and steel; the metals collectively, especially as an industrial material.
492. デッサンする デッサンする To sketch; to draw a rough outline or study, typically in pencil or charcoal.
493. 撤退する てったいする To withdraw; to pull back from a position, market, or engagement.
494. 手取り てどり Take-home pay; net income after deductions such as taxes and insurance.
495. 手のひら てのひら Palm of the hand; the flat inner surface of the hand.
496. 手配 てはい Arrangement; preparations. The act of organising necessary resources, people, or logistics in advance.
497. 手はず てはず Arrangements; plan; the sequence of steps or preparations laid out in advance.
498. 手筈を整える てはずをととのえる To make arrangements; to put plans in order so everything is ready to proceed.
499. 手引き てびき Guidance; a guide or manual. Also means assisting someone or acting as a go-between.
500. 伝達する でんたつする To transmit; to convey or communicate information, messages, or signals to others.
501. 伝票 でんぴょう A chit, slip, or voucher used as a written record of a transaction or order.
502. でんぷん でんぷん Starch; a carbohydrate found in foods like potatoes, rice, and wheat.
503. 展望 てんぼう A view or outlook; a prospect for the future or a panoramic vista from a high point.
504. 展望台 てんぼうだい An observation deck or viewing platform; a structure built for enjoying panoramic views.
505. 同意 どうい Agreement; consent; approval given after understanding and accepting a proposal or idea.
506. 陶器 とうき Pottery; earthenware or ceramics fired at relatively low temperatures.
507. 動機 どうき A motive or incentive; the reason or driving force behind an action or decision.
508. 陶芸 とうげい Ceramic art; the craft and artistic practice of making pottery and ceramics.
509. 統合 とうごう Integration; unification or consolidation of separate parts into a unified whole.
510. 動向 どうこう A trend or tendency; the general direction of movement or development in a situation.
511. 同好会 どうこうかい A club or association of people who share the same hobby or interest.
512. 登場人物 とうじょうじんぶつ A character in a story; the people who appear in a play, novel, film, or other narrative.
513. 導入する どうにゅうする To introduce; to bring in a new system, technology, method, or concept.
514. 当人 とうにん The person concerned; the person in question or the said individual.
515. 道理 どうり Reason; logic or natural sense that makes something understandable or justifiable.
516. 得意先 とくいさき A regular customer or client; an established patron with an ongoing business relationship.
517. 特技 とくぎ A special skill or talent; something one is particularly good at.
518. 特集する とくしゅうする To feature; to create a special feature or spotlight on a particular topic.
519. 特典 とくてん A privilege, perk, or special benefit offered as a bonus or incentive.
520. 土砂 どしゃ Sediment; earth and sand, especially as moved by natural forces like water or gravity.
521. 土星 どせい Saturn; the sixth planet from the Sun, known for its prominent ring system.
522. 土台 どだい A foundation or base; the underlying structure that supports something, literally or figuratively.
523. 特許 とっきょ A patent; an official right granted for an invention, giving exclusive use for a set period.
524. 取り返しがつかない とりかえしがつかない Cannot be undone; irreversible. Describes a situation that is impossible to recover from.
525. 取り組み とりくみ An effort, initiative, or approach to tackling a problem or challenge.
526. 取り締まり とりしまり Control, management, or supervision, especially enforcement of rules and regulations.
527. 内閣 ないかく The cabinet of a government; the group of ministers who lead executive departments.
528. 内臓 ないぞう Internal organs; viscera. The organs inside the body such as the heart, liver, and stomach.
529. 鉛 なまり Lead (Pb); the heavy, soft metallic element used in batteries, pipes, and historically in paint.
530. 並びに ならびに And (also); both ... and; as well as. A formal conjunction connecting items of equal importance.
531. 成り立ち なりたち The way something came about; origin; formation; how something is composed or structured.
532. 難民 なんみん Refugee; displaced person. Someone forced to flee their country due to war, persecution, or disaster.
533. ニーズ ニーズ Needs; demands; requirements. What people or the market want or require.
534. ニュアンス ニュアンス Nuance; a subtle difference in meaning, tone, or feeling.
535. 入荷 にゅうか Arrival of goods; receiving stock. When products are delivered and available.
536. 任務 にんむ Duty; mission; task; an assigned role or responsibility.
537. 音色 ねいろ Tone colour; timbre. The distinctive quality of a musical sound that distinguishes one instrument or voice from another.
538. 熱意 ねつい Zeal; enthusiasm; ardour. A passionate commitment or eagerness toward something.
539. ネック ネック Neck; bottleneck. A problem or obstacle that hinders progress.
540. 熱湯 ねっとう Boiling water; very hot water at or near 100°C.
541. 根回し ねまわし Building consensus behind the scenes; laying the groundwork before a formal decision.
542. 燃焼 ねんしょう Combustion; burning. The chemical process of a substance reacting with oxygen to produce heat and light.
543. 納入 のうにゅう Delivery; supply. The act of delivering goods, payments, or documents to a designated recipient.
544. ノルマ ノルマ Quota; assigned target. A required amount of work or output that must be achieved.
545. 肺炎 はいえん Pneumonia; inflammation of the lungs caused by infection.
546. バイオテクノロジー バイオテクノロジー Biotechnology; the use of biological systems and organisms to develop products and technologies.
547. 配給 はいきゅう Distribution; rationing. The organised supply of goods, food, or film to recipients.
548. ばい菌 ばいきん Germs; bacteria; a bug. Microorganisms that cause disease.
549. 背景 はいけい Background; scenery; backdrop. The setting or circumstances behind something.
550. 廃止する はいしする To abolish; to officially discontinue a system, law, or practice.
551. 賠償する ばいしょうする To compensate; to pay damages or make reparation for harm or loss caused.
552. 排除する はいじょする To exclude; to eliminate or remove something unwanted from a group or situation.
553. 倍増 ばいぞう Doubling; a twofold increase in quantity, amount, or scale.
554. 配送する はいそうする To deliver; to transport and distribute goods to a specified destination.
555. 配属する はいぞくする To assign to a post; to place personnel in a specific department or division.
556. 敗退する はいたいする To be eliminated; to lose and be knocked out of a competition or tournament.
557. 敗北 はいぼく Defeat; a loss in a battle, competition, or struggle.
558. 配慮 はいりょ Consideration; showing thoughtfulness and care toward others' feelings, needs, or circumstances.
559. 破壊 はかい Destruction; the act of breaking or demolishing something completely.
560. 破棄する はきする To annul; to revoke, cancel, or dispose of a contract, agreement, or document.
561. 迫害 はくがい Persecution; oppression directed at a person or group based on their beliefs, ethnicity, or identity.
562. 迫害を受ける はくがいをうける To be persecuted; to suffer oppression or cruel treatment at the hands of others.
563. 白状 はくじょう Confession; admitting to a wrongdoing or secret, often under pressure.
564. 爆弾 ばくだん A bomb; an explosive device designed to cause destruction.
565. 爆破 ばくは Blowing up; the act of destroying something by detonating explosives.
566. 暴露する ばくろする To expose; to reveal hidden truths, secrets, or scandals to the public.
567. 場所柄 ばしょがら The character of a place; the nature or atmosphere of a location that dictates appropriate behaviour.
568. 破損 はそん Damage; breakage or impairment of something, typically physical objects.
569. 発掘する はっくつする To excavate; to unearth or dig up buried objects, ruins, or hidden talent.
570. 伐採する ばっさいする To fell; to cut down trees for timber or land clearing.
571. 発信 はっしん Transmission; the act of sending out information, messages, or signals.
572. 罰則 ばっそく A penalty; punitive rules or sanctions established by law for violations.
573. 発泡スチロール はっぽうスチロール Styrofoam; expanded polystyrene foam used for packaging and insulation.
574. 八方美人 はっぽうびじん A people pleaser; someone who tries to be liked by everyone by being agreeable to all sides.
575. ハプニング はぷにんぐ An unexpected incident or unforeseen event, often with a surprising or dramatic quality.
576. 浜辺 はまべ Beach; foreshore; the sandy area along the edge of the sea.
577. 繁栄する はんえいする To flourish; to prosper; to thrive as a community, nation, or organisation.
578. 版画 はんが Woodcut; woodblock print; art print made by carving a design into a block and pressing it onto paper.
579. 反撃する はんげきする To counterattack; to strike back; to fight back against an opponent or criticism.
580. 半減 はんげん Reduction by half; halving. A decrease to approximately fifty percent of the original amount.
581. 反則 はんそく Foul; violation of rules; breaking the rules in a game, sport, or regulated activity.
582. 販促キャンペーン はんそくきゃんぺーん Sales promotion campaign; a marketing event or initiative designed to boost product sales.
583. 反発 はんぱつ Opposition; rebellion; resistance; backlash against a policy, decision, or authority.
584. 控え ひかえ A reserve copy; a spare; a backup document or person kept on standby.
585. 否決する ひけつする To reject; to vote down; to defeat a bill or proposal through a formal decision.
586. 非常口 ひじょうぐち Emergency exit; a designated exit for use during fires, earthquakes, or other emergencies.
587. 歪み ひずみ Strain; distortion; warp; a deviation from the original or correct shape, state, or balance.
588. 非正規 ひせいき Irregular; non-regular; typically refers to non-fulltime or non-permanent employment.
589. 人質 ひとじち Hostage; a person seized or held as security for the fulfilment of a demand.
590. 一筋 ひとすじ One line; one strand; one beam; a single thin, elongated stretch of something.
591. 人にからむ ひとにからむ To pick a quarrel with someone; to accost someone aggressively; to pester someone.
592. 人目 ひとめ Public notice; public attention; the eyes of others; public gaze.
593. 独り言 ひとりごと Talking to oneself; soliloquy; monologue; muttering words without addressing anyone.
594. 雛 ひな A young bird; chick; fledgling that has recently hatched.
595. 非難を浴びる ひなんをあびる To come under attack; to face harsh criticism; to be showered with blame or condemnation.
596. ひび ひび A crack; fissure; a narrow break or split in a surface.
597. 標識 ひょうしき A sign; marker; signpost providing information, directions, or warnings.
598. 描写 びょうしゃ Depiction; description; portrayal of a scene, character, or situation through words or images.
599. 表明 ひょうめい Declaration; public expression of a position, intention, or opinion.
600. 肥料 ひりょう Fertiliser; manure; compost. A substance added to soil to promote plant growth.
601. 貧血 ひんけつ Anaemia; a condition characterised by a deficiency of red blood cells or haemoglobin.
602. 貧困層 ひんこんそう The poor; the underclass; the poorest segment of the population.
603. 貧弱 ひんじゃく Poor; meagre; frail; weak and lacking substance or strength.
604. 顰蹙 ひんしゅく Disapproval; scorn; frowning upon someone's behaviour.
605. 頻度 ひんど Frequency; how often something occurs or is repeated.
606. ピント ぴんと Focus; focal point of a camera lens or optical instrument.
607. ファスナー ふぁすなー Zip fastener; zipper; a device for temporarily joining two edges of fabric.
608. フィルター ふぃるたー Filter; a device or mechanism that selectively blocks or passes certain elements.
609. 封鎖 ふうさ Blockade; lockdown; sealing off an area to prevent entry or exit.
610. 福祉国家 ふくしこっか Welfare state; a system in which the government provides for citizens' social and economic well-being.
611. 福利厚生 ふくりこうせい Employee benefits; fringe benefits; welfare provisions offered by an employer.
612. 不幸な身の上 ふこうなみのうえ Unfortunate circumstances; an unhappy lot in life; a pitiable personal history.
613. 部首 ぶしゅ Radical; a component of a kanji character used for classification in dictionaries.
614. 部署 ぶしょ Department; section; bureau; one's assigned post or station within an organisation.
615. 布石 ふせき Groundwork; preparatory move; strategic arrangement of stones in the opening of a go game.
616. 沸点 ふってん Boiling point; the temperature at which a liquid turns to vapour.
617. 赴任する ふにんする To take up a new post; to proceed to one's assigned position, typically at a distant location.
618. 腐敗 ふはい Decomposition; decay; putrefaction; rot of organic matter.
619. 部門 ぶもん Division; department; branch; field; category within a larger organisation or classification.
620. 富裕層 ふゆうそう The wealthy; the rich; the affluent class of society.
621. 扶養する ふようする To support; to provide for a dependent; to maintain someone financially.
622. ふらりと ふらりと Aimlessly; casually dropping by; without planning or purpose.
623. プレーする ぷれーする To play; to participate in a sport or game.
624. プロセス ぷろせす Process; a series of steps or actions taken to achieve a particular result.
625. 噴火する ふんかする To erupt; for a volcano to discharge lava, ash, and gases violently.
626. 分割する ぶんかつする To divide; to split something into smaller parts or portions.
627. 分散する ぶんさんする To disperse; to distribute or spread out across different locations or categories.
628. 紛争 ふんそう Dispute; conflict; strife between parties over disagreements or competing interests.
629. 分担する ぶんたんする To share responsibilities; to divide duties or costs among multiple people.
630. 文脈 ぶんみゃく Context; the surrounding text or circumstances that give meaning to a word or situation.
631. 分裂 ぶんれつ Split; division; the breaking apart of a unified group or entity.
632. ベストセラー べすとせらー Bestseller; a book or product that sells in very large numbers.
633. 便宜 べんぎ Convenience; accommodation; a favour or arrangement made for someone's benefit.
634. 弁護する べんごする To defend; to speak in someone's defence or act as their legal advocate.
635. 分析する ぶんせきする To analyse; to examine something in detail by breaking it down into components.
636. 便秘 べんぴ Constipation; difficulty in passing stools or infrequent bowel movements.
637. 母音 ぼいん Vowel; a speech sound produced without obstruction of the airflow.
638. 望遠鏡 ぼうえんきょう Telescope; an optical instrument for viewing distant objects by magnifying them.
639. 妨害 ぼうがい Obstruction; hindrance; the act of deliberately interfering with or blocking something.
640. 崩壊する ほうかいする To collapse; to crumble and fall apart, either physically or figuratively.
641. 放棄する ほうきする To abandon; to give up or relinquish a right, claim, or responsibility.
642. 放射能 ほうしゃのう Radioactivity; the property of certain substances to emit radiation through nuclear decay.
643. 法則 ほうそく Law; rule; a principle that consistently governs how things work.
644. 放置する ほうちする To leave alone; to abandon or neglect something without taking action.
645. 膨張 ぼうちょう Expansion; swelling; the process of growing larger in size, volume, or scale.
646. 暴動 ぼうどう Riot; insurrection; a violent disturbance by a crowd against authority.
647. 方面 ほうめん Direction; area; district; a general area or field of activity.
648. 補給 ほきゅう Supply; replenishment; providing necessary resources or materials.
649. 補欠選手 ほけつせんしゅ Substitute player; reserve player; a backup who fills in when a regular team member cannot play.
650. 歩行者 ほこうしゃ Pedestrian; walker. A person travelling on foot, especially on a road or pavement.
651. 保守 ほしゅ Maintenance; upkeep. The act of keeping equipment, systems, or infrastructure in good working condition.
652. 補充 ほじゅう Replenishment; refilling; supplementation. Restoring something that has been used up or run low.
653. 保守勢力 ほしゅせいりょく Conservative influence; conservative forces. Political or social groups that resist change and favour traditional values.
654. 保守的な ほしゅてきな Conservative; traditional-minded. Tending to resist change and prefer established ways.
655. 保守的な考え方 ほしゅてきなかんがえかた Conservative way of thinking; traditional mindset. An approach that favours established ideas over new ones.
656. 補助 ほじょ Assistance; support; aid. Helping someone or supplementing something to make up for what is lacking.
657. 保障する ほしょうする To guarantee; to ensure; to secure. To protect a right or condition so that it is maintained.
658. ポスト ポスト Postbox; mailbox. A box for depositing outgoing mail, typically red in Japan.
659. 発作 ほっさ Fit; attack; seizure. A sudden episode of illness or involuntary physical symptoms.
660. 発足する ほっそくする To establish; to launch; to inaugurate. To formally start the activities of an organisation or committee.
661. 歩道橋 ほどうきょう Footbridge; pedestrian bridge; pedestrian overpass. A bridge allowing people to cross a road or railway on foot.
662. 哺乳類 ほにゅうるい Mammal; mammals. The class of warm-blooded animals that nurse their young with milk.
663. 凡人 ぼんじん Ordinary person; average person; mediocre person. Someone without exceptional talent or ability.
664. 本題 ほんだい Main topic; main subject; main issue. The central point of a discussion or presentation.
665. 本番 ほんばん The real performance; the actual event; showtime. The live event as opposed to rehearsal or practice.
666. 前置き まえおき Preface; introduction; preamble. Preliminary remarks before getting to the main point.
667. 前倒し まえだおし Moving forward; bringing forward; accelerating a schedule. Doing something earlier than originally planned.
668. 拙い状況 まずいじょうきょう Awkward situation; unfavourable circumstances. A predicament that is difficult or undesirable.
669. 窓の枠 まどのわく Window frame. The rigid border structure surrounding a window pane.
670. マネージャー マネージャー Manager. A person who organises, oversees, or supports a team or business operation.
671. 瞬き まばたき Blink; blinking of the eyes. The brief closing and opening of the eyelids.
672. 麻痺 まひ Paralysis; numbness; stupor. Loss of sensation or function in a body part, or figurative dulling of senses.
673. 丸暗記 まるあんき Rote memorisation; memorising something word for word without necessarily understanding it.
674. 丸写し まるうつし Copying in its entirety; verbatim copying. Reproducing something exactly as-is, often implying plagiarism or mindless replication.
675. 見合わせ みあわせ Postponement; suspension; holding off on something. Also literally means looking at each other.
676. 味覚 みかく Sense of taste; palate. The gustatory sense that perceives flavours.
677. 見込み みこみ Prospect; hope; expectation; likelihood. An estimate of what will happen in the future.
678. 見込みが外れる みこみがはずれる To guess wrong; to have one's expectations prove incorrect; to miscalculate.
679. 水気 みずけ Water content; moisture; dampness; juiciness in food.
680. 未然に みぜんに Before something happens; in advance of an event; preventively.
681. 溝 みぞ Ditch; drain; gutter; trench. Also figuratively, a gap or rift between people.
682. 見出し みだし Heading; headline; title; caption. The prominent text at the top of an article or section.
683. 道なり みちなり Following the road; along the road as it goes; the natural course of the road.
684. 密集 みっしゅう Crowding together; dense clustering; being packed closely in one area.
685. 密約 みつやく Secret agreement; clandestine pact; an agreement made covertly between parties.
686. 見通し みとおし Outlook; forecast; perspective; prospect. Also an unobstructed view or line of sight.
687. 南半球 みなみはんきゅう Southern hemisphere; the half of the Earth south of the equator.
688. 見習い みならい Apprenticeship; trainee; learning by watching and imitating. Also the apprentice themselves.
689. 身元保証 みもとほしょう Personal guarantee; identity verification; vouching for someone's background and character.
690. 脈絡 みゃくらく Logical connection; coherence; context; chain of reasoning between ideas.
691. ミュージシャン ミュージシャン Musician; a person who plays or composes music professionally.
692. 民謡 みんよう Folk song; traditional popular song passed down through generations in a region.
693. 無効な むこうな Invalid; void; null; having no legal or practical effect.
694. 胸騒ぎがする むなさわぎがする To feel uneasy; to have a bad feeling; to sense something ominous about to happen.
695. 名言 めいげん Wise saying; famous quote; memorable remark that captures an important truth.
696. 命題 めいだい Proposition; thesis; a statement or problem posed for consideration or proof.
697. 名簿 めいぼ Name list; register; roster; directory of names and associated information.
698. 明朗会計 めいろうかいけい Transparent billing; honest and clear accounting. Used especially for restaurants and bars.
699. 眼鏡の縁 めがねのふち Spectacle frame; the rim or edge of eyeglasses.
700. 目先 めさき Before one's eyes; the immediate present. Also refers to a short-sighted or superficial perspective.
701. めど めど Aim; goal; prospect; outlook. A target or estimate for when something will be achieved.
702. 目と鼻の先 めとはなのさき Very close; within a stone's throw; right nearby. An idiomatic expression for extreme proximity.
703. 免除する めんじょする To exempt; to release from an obligation; to waive. To free someone from a duty or requirement.
704. 猛抗議 もうこうぎ Vehement objection; bitter protest; fierce complaint. A strong and passionate expression of opposition.
705. 申し出 もうしで Proposal; offer; request; application. A formal expression of willingness or a suggestion put forward.
706. 盲点 もうてん Blind spot. Both a physiological term for the retinal blind spot and a figurative term for an overlooked point.
707. 猛反対 もうはんたい Strong opposition; vehement opposition. Fierce and unwavering disagreement.
708. 模索する もさくする To seek; to search for; to grope for. To explore possibilities in search of a solution.
709. もしくは もしくは Or; otherwise. A formal conjunction used to present an alternative.
710. 模範 もはん Model; exemplar; example; pattern. A standard of excellence to be imitated.
711. 焼きもち やきもち Jealousy; envy. Particularly romantic jealousy expressed in a somewhat endearing way.
712. 役職 やくしょく Post; official position; executive role. A titled position within an organisation.
713. 役職名 やくしょくめい Job title; name of one's position. The official designation of a role within an organisation.
714. 屋敷 やしき Residence; estate; mansion; grounds. A large house or premises, often of a wealthy or prominent family.
715. 野心 やしん Ambition; aspiration. A strong desire to achieve something great, sometimes with a slightly aggressive connotation.
716. やたら やたら Excessively; thoughtlessly; randomly; unreasonably. Describes doing something without good reason or to an excessive degree.
717. 遺言 ゆいごん Will; testament; one's dying wish; last words. A document or statement expressing final wishes.
718. 誘拐 ゆうかい Abduction; kidnapping. The criminal act of taking someone away by force or deception.
719. 有機栽培 ゆうきさいばい Organic farming; organic cultivation. Growing produce without synthetic chemicals or pesticides.
720. 有給休暇 ゆうきゅうきゅうか Paid vacation; paid holiday; paid leave. Time off from work with continued pay.
721. 有休を取る ゆうきゅうをとる To take paid leave; to use one's paid vacation days.
722. ユーザー ユーザー User. A person who uses a product, service, or system.
723. 誘導する ゆうどうする To guide; to lead; to direct. To steer someone or something in a particular direction.
724. 悠々 ゆうゆう Easily; without difficulty; calmly; in a leisurely manner. Describes doing something with room to spare.
725. 由来 ゆらい Origin; source; derivation. Refers to the historical background or roots of something.
726. 要因 よういん Main cause; primary factor. A key element contributing to a result or outcome.
727. 溶岩 ようがん Lava. Molten rock that flows from a volcano during an eruption.
728. 容疑者 ようぎしゃ Suspect. A person suspected of committing a crime.
729. 擁護 ようご Protection; defence; support. The act of defending or advocating for someone or something.
730. 要旨 ようし Main point; gist; summary. The essential substance of a text, speech, or argument.
731. 様式 ようしき Style; form; pattern. A particular mode or manner of artistic or architectural expression.
732. 養成する ようせいする To train; to cultivate; to develop. To nurture and develop someone's skills or abilities over time.
733. 様相 ようそう Aspect; phase; condition. The outward appearance or state of a situation.
734. 用品 ようひん Articles; supplies; goods. Items needed for a particular purpose or activity.
735. 要約する ようやくする To summarise; to condense. To express the main points of something in a shorter form.
736. 浴室 よくしつ Bathroom; bathing room. The room where one takes a bath or shower.
737. 抑制する よくせいする To control; to restrain; to suppress. To hold back or keep something in check.
738. 予定を組む よていをくむ To make a schedule; to plan a schedule. To arrange and set up plans or appointments.
739. 与党 よとう Ruling party; governing party. The political party or coalition currently in power.
740. 雷雨 らいう Thunderstorm; thundershower. A storm with thunder, lightning, and heavy rain.
741. 酪農 らくのう Dairy farming. The agricultural practice of raising cattle for milk and dairy products.
742. 楽観 らっかん Optimism; taking an optimistic view. A positive outlook on situations or outcomes.
743. 利害 りがい Advantages and disadvantages; interests. The gains and losses at stake for involved parties.
744. 立脚点 りっきゃくてん Standpoint; viewpoint; position. The fundamental basis or perspective from which one argues or acts.
745. 立法 りっぽう Legislation; lawmaking. The process or act of creating and enacting laws.
746. 利点 りてん Advantage; merit; strong point. A beneficial or favourable aspect of something.
747. 略語 りゃくご Abbreviation; acronym. A shortened form of a word or phrase.
748. 略奪する りゃくだつする To plunder; to loot; to pillage. To seize property by force, especially during conflict or disorder.
749. 流通する りゅうつうする To be distributed; to circulate. For goods, money, or information to move through channels.
750. 領域 りょういき Territory; domain; area of expertise or jurisdiction. A defined space, whether physical or abstract.
751. 良識 りょうしき Good sense; common sense; sound judgement. The ability to think and act reasonably.
752. 両者 りょうしゃ Both parties; the two; both persons or both things under discussion.
753. 了承 りょうしょう Acknowledgement; understanding; approval; consent. Formal acceptance of a request or situation.
754. 領土 りょうど Territory; domain; dominion. Land under the sovereign control of a nation or ruler.
755. 量販店 りょうはんてん Volume retailer; mass-market store; large retail outlet that sells goods in bulk or at discount.
756. 両立 りょうりつ Compatibility; coexistence; managing two things simultaneously without sacrificing either.
757. 旅客機 りょかくき Passenger plane; commercial aircraft designed to carry paying travellers.
758. 旅行の手配 りょこうのてはい Travel arrangements; the process of organising flights, hotels, and itinerary for a trip.
759. 離陸する りりくする To take off; to leave the ground. Used for aircraft departing from a runway.
760. 輪郭 りんかく Contour; outline; silhouette. The outer edge or shape of something.
761. 隣国 りんごく Neighbouring country; adjacent country. A nation that shares a border or is geographically close.
762. 劣等感 れっとうかん Inferiority complex; sense of inferiority. A persistent feeling of being less capable than others.
763. 連休 れんきゅう Consecutive holidays; a series of days off in a row. A multi-day break from work or school.
764. 連携 れんけい Cooperation; coordination; collaboration; working together in alignment toward a shared goal.
765. 連合 れんごう Union; alliance; coalition; confederation. A formal grouping of parties united for a common purpose.
766. 連載する れんさいする To serialise; to publish in instalments. To release a story or article in successive parts.
767. 連帯 れんたい Solidarity; joint responsibility. Standing together as a united group.
768. 連盟 れんめい League; federation; union. An organised association of groups or nations.
769. 朗読 ろうどく Reading aloud; recitation. The act of vocalising written text expressively.
770. 浪費する ろうひする To waste; to squander. To use money, time, or resources carelessly and excessively.
771. 労力 ろうりょく Labour; effort; toil. The physical or mental exertion required to accomplish something.
772. ローカル線 ローカルせん Local line; a regional railway line that serves smaller communities rather than major cities.
773. ログイン／ログオフ ログインろぐおふ Log in / log off; to sign in to or sign out of a computer system or online account.
774. 路地 ろじ Alley; alleyway; lane. A narrow passage between buildings, often in older neighbourhoods.
775. 論拠 ろんきょ Grounds of an argument; basis for reasoning. The evidence or rationale that supports a claim.
776. 論点 ろんてん Point at issue; point in question. The central matter under debate or discussion.
777. 和解する わかいする To reconcile; to reach a settlement; to compromise. To resolve a dispute and restore harmony.
778. 枠組み わくぐみ Framework; structure; frame. A basic supporting structure, either physical or conceptual.
779. 惑星 わくせい Planet. A celestial body that orbits a star, such as Earth or Mars.