Health, Medicine & the Body

概要

この章では「Health, Medicine & the Body」というテーマにまとまって出てくる基本語彙を学びます。単語をばらばらに覚えるのではなく、場面といっしょに定着させるための構成です。

このまとまりを身につけると、その話題について話すときの語彙が増え、読むときも聞くときも反応しやすくなります。

テーマ

この章のJLPT N1 Vocabulary (50)

1. 人工呼吸 じんこうこきゅう Artificial respiration; CPR. A life-saving technique to restore breathing in someone who has stopped breathing.
2. 衰弱 すいじゃく Debility; weakness; enfeeblement; decline. A state of severe physical or mental weakening, often from illness or prolonged hardship.
3. 精神疾患 せいしんしっかん Mental illness; psychiatric disorder. A clinically significant disturbance in cognition, emotion, or behaviour.
4. 潜伏期 せんぷくき Incubation period; latent period. The interval between exposure to a pathogen and the appearance of first symptoms.
5. 全快 ぜんかい Complete recovery; full recuperation. A return to full health after illness or injury.
6. 損傷 そんしょう Damage; injury; impairment; lesion. Physical harm to the body or an organ, ranging from minor to severe.
7. 体質 たいしつ Constitution; temperament; predisposition. The inherent physical or physiological characteristics that define a person's health tendencies.
8. 治癒 ちゆ Healing; cure; recovery; remission. The process by which a disease or injury resolves and the body returns to health.
9. 鎮痛 ちんつう Pain relief; analgesia. The suppression or alleviation of pain, typically through medication or treatment.
10. 投薬 とうやく Medication; drug administration; dosing. The act of prescribing or administering medicine to a patient.
11. 脳死 のうし Brain death. The irreversible cessation of all brain function, including the brainstem, used as a legal criterion for death in organ tran...
12. 脳卒中 のうそっちゅう Stroke; cerebrovascular accident (CVA). A sudden neurological emergency caused by disrupted blood flow to the brain.
13. 不眠 ふみん Insomnia; sleeplessness. An inability to fall asleep, stay asleep, or achieve restorative sleep.
14. 平熱 へいねつ Normal body temperature. The baseline body temperature of a healthy individual when not ill.
15. 末期 まっき Terminal stage; final phase; end stage. The last period of a serious illness, or the final phase of a historical era.
16. 蔓延 まんえん Spread; epidemic; prevalence; proliferation. The wide and often uncontrolled spreading of disease, misinformation, or a harmful phenomenon.
17. 看取り みとり Attending the dying; deathbed care; end-of-life care. Being present with and caring for someone in the final moments of their life.
18. 問診 もんしん Medical interview; patient history taking. The clinical practice of asking a patient questions about their symptoms, medical history, and...
19. 養生 ようじょう Recuperation; taking care of oneself; nurturing health. Resting and caring for one's body to recover from illness or maintain wellbeing.
20. 予防接種 よぼうせっしゅ Vaccination; immunisation; inoculation. The administration of a vaccine to stimulate immunity against a specific disease.
21. 余命 よめい Remaining life; life expectancy; prognosis. The estimated length of time a terminally ill patient is expected to live.
22. 罹患 りかん Contracting a disease; morbidity; being affected by illness. The act or state of being struck by a disease.
23. 良性 りょうせい Benign. Describes a tumour or growth that is not cancerous and does not spread to other parts of the body. Also means good-natured or mil...
24. 療養 りょうよう Convalescence; recuperation; rest cure. A period of medical rest and care aimed at recovering from illness, surgery, or injury.
25. 老衰 ろうすい Senility; infirmity due to old age; natural decline in old age. The gradual weakening of bodily functions that occurs with advanced age.
26. 悪性 あくせい Malignant; virulent; pernicious. Used in medical contexts to describe dangerous growths or conditions, and figuratively to describe deepl...
27. 安静 あんせい Rest; repose; keeping still. A medical instruction or state of being quiet and motionless to allow the body to recover.
28. 胃腸 いちょう Stomach and intestines; the gastrointestinal tract. Refers collectively to the digestive organs.
29. 慰労 いろう Consolation; recognition of hard work; expressing appreciation and comfort to someone who has worked hard or been through hardship.
30. 延命 えんめい Prolonging life; life extension. Used in medical and ethical contexts concerning end-of-life treatment decisions.
31. 悪寒 おかん Chills; shivering; a sudden sensation of cold accompanying fever or illness onset.
32. 悪心 おしん Nausea; a feeling of wanting to vomit; queasiness.
33. 介助 かいじょ Physical assistance; hands-on caregiving support for daily activities, especially helping disabled or elderly individuals.
34. 快方 かいほう Recovery; improvement; progress in the direction of better health.
35. 過食 かしょく Overeating; binge eating; consuming excessive amounts of food beyond what the body needs.
36. 寛解 かんかい Remission; the reduction or disappearance of symptoms without a complete cure, particularly in chronic or serious illness.
37. 緩和ケア かんわケア Palliative care; medical care focused on relieving pain and improving quality of life for patients with serious illness.
38. 既往症 きおうしょう Medical history; pre-existing condition; illnesses or conditions a patient has previously had.
39. 拒食 きょしょく Food refusal; anorexia; the act of refusing or being unable to eat.
40. 禁忌 きんき Contraindication; prohibition; something that must be strictly avoided due to danger, medical risk, or cultural taboo.
41. 禁断症状 きんだんしょうじょう Withdrawal symptoms; the physical or psychological symptoms that appear when an addictive substance or behaviour is suddenly stopped.
42. 血栓 けっせん Blood clot; thrombus; an abnormal clot that forms inside a blood vessel and can obstruct blood flow.
43. 検診 けんしん Medical examination; health screening; a check-up conducted to detect or prevent illness.
44. 抗生物質 こうせいぶっしつ Antibiotic; a substance derived from microorganisms or synthesised that kills or inhibits the growth of bacteria.
45. 在宅医療 ざいたくいりょう Home medical care; healthcare services provided at a patient's home rather than in a hospital or clinic.
46. 施術 しじゅつ Treatment; procedure; the act of performing a medical, therapeutic, or cosmetic procedure on a patient.
47. 終末期 しゅうまつき Terminal phase; end-of-life period; the final stage of a life-limiting illness when recovery is no longer expected.
48. 心身 しんしん Mind and body; the physical and mental aspects of a person considered as a unified whole.
49. 診療 しんりょう Medical treatment; clinical practice; the act of examining and treating patients in a clinical setting.
50. 持病 じびょう Chronic illness; a long-standing ailment that one has had for years and continues to manage on an ongoing basis.