～っぱなし

Japanese Grammar Intermediate Japanese ★★★★ 4/5 casual っぱなしppanashi
読み っぱなし
ローマ字 ppanashi
形 Verb masu-stem + っぱなし

意味

An auxiliary suffix meaning 'left ~ing' or 'keep on ~ing,' expressing that an action has been started and left in that state, or that something continues without stopping, usually with a negative nuance.

っぱなし attaches to the verb masu-stem and conveys two related meanings: first, that something has been left in a state resulting from an action (e.g., 開けっぱなし — left open), and second, that an action continues without interruption (e.g., 立ちっぱなし — standing the whole time). Both usages carry a nuance of negligence, inconvenience, or excess. The form derives from 放す (hanasu, to release/let go), implying something has been 'let go' without proper attention. It conjugates as a noun (っぱなしだ, っぱなしの + noun). This pattern is very common in daily life for describing situations where someone forgot to turn something off, close something, or take care of something properly.

例文

  1. エアコンをつけっぱなしにして寝てしまった。
  2. 電車で二時間立ちっぱなしだった。
  3. ドアを開けっぱなしにしないでください。

使い方ガイド

場面: spoken, everyday

トーン: critical

正しい言い方

  • テレビをつけっぱなしで出かけてしまった。
  • 水を出しっぱなしにすると水道代が高くなるよ。
  • 今日は座りっぱなしで腰が痛い。
  • 窓を開けっぱなしにしたら虫が入ってきた。

避ける言い方

  • エアコンをつけるっぱなしにした。(Using dictionary form instead of masu-stem — the correct form is つけっぱなし, from the masu-stem つけ) → エアコンをつけっぱなしにした。
  • 勉強しっぱなしで成績が上がった。(Using っぱなし for a positive continuous action — っぱなし implies negligence or excess; for positive persistence, use 続ける) → 勉強し続けて成績が上がった。

起源と歴史

っぱなし is derived from 放し (hanashi), the masu-stem of 放す (to release/let go). The small っ is a gemination that developed in casual speech, emphasizing the careless or uncontrolled nature of the action.

文化的背景

世代: All ages

社会的背景: Universal

関連フレーズ

～だらけ A suffix meaning 'covered with,' 'full of,' or 'riddled with,' indicating that something or someone is filled with an undesirable substance or quality. ～っぽい A suffix meaning '-ish,' '-like,' or 'having the quality of,' used to indicate that someone or something has a notable or distinctive characteristic, often one that is not inherent. ～方をする A phrase meaning 'to do something in a certain manner' or 'to have a way of doing,' used to describe or comment on the particular style or method of someone's action. ～通り（に） A dependent noun meaning 'as' or 'in the way that,' used to express that something is done exactly as expected, instructed, or previously experienced. ～がち A suffix meaning 'tend to' or 'prone to,' used to express an undesirable tendency or a habit of something negative happening frequently. ～という風に A phrase meaning 'in such a way that' or 'so that,' used to describe the specific manner or method in which someone does something, often by quoting or paraphrasing the approach. ～なりに A phrase meaning 'in one's own way' or 'to the best of one's ability,' expressing that someone does something in a manner appropriate to their own level, position, or circumstances. ～よう A noun-forming suffix meaning 'a way of doing something' or 'a manner,' used to describe how something is done or the method by which an action is performed.
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