罪犯

• ピンイン: zuì fàn
• 漢字の分解: 罪 = 网 + 非 (net + wrong — criminal guilt); 犯 = 犬 + 卩 (dog radical + kneeling figure — to offend)

意味

犯罪者

A standard legal and social term for a person found guilty of a criminal offence. Used in journalism, legal proceedings, and social discourse. Carries a strong negative connotation and should be distinguished from 嫌疑人 (suspect) who has not yet been convicted.

例文

1. 这名连环盗窃案的罪犯在潜逃三年后被警方成功抓获，随即被移送司法机关依法处理。
2. 法院在量刑时综合考虑了罪犯的犯罪动机、前科记录及认罪态度，最终作出了相应判决。
3. 心理学家对服刑罪犯进行了长达两年的跟踪研究，旨在探讨犯罪行为背后的深层心理机制。

使い方ガイド

場面: law, journalism, social policy, criminology

トーン: neutral

正しい言い方

• 未经法院依法定罪之前，任何人不得被称为罪犯，这是无罪推定原则的基本要求。(Before a court has convicted someone according to law, no one may be called a criminal — this is a fundamental requirement of the presumption of innocence.)
• 该罪犯被判处十五年有期徒刑，并须在服刑期满后接受三年社区监督管理。(The criminal was sentenced to fifteen years' imprisonment and must be subject to three years of community supervision upon release.)

避ける言い方

• 他是个罪犯，虽然还没判决 — do not call someone 罪犯 before conviction; use 嫌疑人 (suspect) or 被告 (defendant) instead

起源と歴史

罪 (crime/sin) + 犯 (offender/to violate)

文化的背景

世代: All ages

社会的背景: Universal