幸存

• ピンイン: xìng cún
• 漢字の分解: 幸 = complex structure meaning fortunate; 存 = 子 + 才 (exist/preserve/survive)

意味

（災害などで）生き残る

Used in the context of natural disasters, accidents, wars, and historical catastrophes. 幸存者 (survivor) is the most frequent nominal form. Carries a solemn and often emotional weight.

例文

1. 强烈地震后只有少数居民幸存，救援队伍连续数日不间断展开搜救行动。
2. 这位战争幸存者在晚年写下了珍贵的回忆录，记录了那段刻骨铭心的岁月。
3. 飞机失事后三名乘客奇迹般幸存，其余人员均不幸在事故中罹难。

使い方ガイド

場面: disasters, history, news reports

トーン: solemn

正しい言い方

• 这名矿工在井下被困七十二小时后幸存，是当年救援行动的重大胜利。(This miner survived after being trapped underground for seventy-two hours — a major victory for the rescue operation.)
• 战争幸存者的亲历叙述是最真实的历史见证，弥足珍贵。(The first-hand accounts of war survivors are the most authentic and invaluable historical testimony.)

避ける言い方

• 他幸存了考试 — 幸存 is reserved for life-or-death situations; for difficult exams use 通过 or 挺过来; applying 幸存 to non-fatal hardships is hyperbolic and inappropriate in formal contexts

起源と歴史

幸 (lucky/fortunate) + 存 (exist/survive) — to be lucky enough to continue existing

文化的背景

時代: Modern

世代: All ages

社会的背景: Universal