微观

• ピンイン: wēi guān
• 漢字の分解: 微 = 彳(step) + 攴(strike) + 山(mountain) — something faint or minute; 观 = 见 (see) + 又 (phonetic) — to observe, view

意味

ミクロの、微視的な（分析・視点の）

Primarily used as an attributive adjective to describe analysis or perspective at the individual level, as opposed to 宏观 (macro/aggregate). Common in economics (微观经济学 = microeconomics), biology, and physics. 微观世界 refers to the microscopic world of atoms and cells. Always used before a noun or as a predicate — never modified by degree adverbs.

例文

1. 微观经济学研究的是个体家庭和企业的行为，而不是整体经济的运行规律。
2. 从微观层面来看，每一个消费者的决策都在悄然影响着市场的走向。
3. 这台电子显微镜让研究人员得以观察细胞在微观层次上的结构变化。

使い方ガイド

場面: economics, science, academia

トーン: neutral

正しい言い方

• 从微观角度分析，个体企业的行为直接决定市场的供需结构。(Analysed from a micro perspective, the behaviour of individual firms directly determines the supply-demand structure of the market.)
• 微观生物学的进步使人类对基因的理解达到了前所未有的深度。(Advances in microbiology have brought human understanding of genetics to an unprecedented depth.)

避ける言い方

• 将微观与微小混用 — 微观 describes a level of analysis or perspective (micro-level), not simply physical smallness; use 微小 or 细小 when you mean 'very small in size'

起源と歴史

Compound of 微 (minute, tiny) + 观 (to view, observe). Literally 'to observe at the micro-level' — analysis or examination at the smallest individual scale. Introduced as a calque of 'micro-' in modern scientific and economic terminology.

文化的背景

世代: All ages

社会的背景: Universal