面目全非

• ピンイン: miàn mù quán fēi
• 漢字の分解: 面 = face (pictograph); 目 = pictograph of an eye — eye, appearance; 全 = 入 (enter) + 王 (king/jade) — complete, whole; 非 = two wings turned away from each other — not, contrary to

意味

見る影もなく変わる、すっかり別物になる（原形をとどめない）

Used to describe physical destruction, radical transformation, or severe distortion. Can describe a place after a disaster, a text after heavy editing, a person after illness, or an original idea after many revisions. Carries a negative connotation in most contexts — implying the change is damaging, regrettable, or shocking. Occasionally used neutrally to describe extreme transformation.

例文

1. 地震过后，这座曾经繁华的小镇已面目全非，昔日的街道和建筑几乎荡然无存，重建工作任重而道远。
2. 编辑对初稿的修改力度之大，让作者几乎认不出自己的文章，文章已经面目全非，核心观点也被大幅削减。
3. 经过十年的大规模城市改造，这片老城区面目全非，既带来了现代化的基础设施，也永久失去了许多承载历史记忆的建筑与街巷。

使い方ガイド

場面: disasters, architecture, editing, urban development, change

トーン: negative

正しい言い方

• 这栋百年历史的老宅在一场大火后面目全非，当地文物保护部门随即展开评估，讨论是否具备修复的可能性与历史价值。(After a major fire, this century-old historic residence was left completely unrecognisable; the local cultural relic protection authority immediately launched an assessment to discuss the feasibility of restoration and its historical value.)
• 草稿经过几轮大幅修改后已面目全非，写作者不得不重新审视整个论述框架，以判断是否还有必要保留原版的核心立论。(After several rounds of substantial revisions, the draft had become completely unrecognisable; the writer had to reassess the entire argumentative framework to determine whether it was still worthwhile to preserve the original core thesis.)

避ける言い方

• 将'面目全非'用于描述轻微的变化或正面的转变 — 该成语通常暗含无法认出的程度，且多带负面或惋惜色彩，描述轻微改变应用'有所改变'，描述正面的彻底变化应用'焕然一新'或'脱胎换骨' (Do not use 面目全非 for minor changes or positive transformations — this idiom typically implies an unrecognisable degree of change and mostly carries a negative or regretful tone; use 有所改变 for minor changes and 焕然一新 or 脱胎换骨 for positive, complete transformations)

起源と歴史

面目 (face and eyes — one's appearance, features) + 全 (completely, entirely) + 非 (not, wrong, contrary to) — one's face and features are completely contrary to what they were; utterly unrecognisable.

文化的背景

世代: All ages

社会的背景: Universal