马后炮

• ピンイン: mǎ hòu pào
• 漢字の分解: 马 = pictograph of a horse; 后 = behind/after; 炮 = 火 (fire) + 包 (wrap/round) — cannon

意味

後出しの批評（後知恵の助言）

From the Chinese chess term where a cannon-behind-horse position arrives too late to be decisive. Used colloquially to mock someone who only speaks up or offers solutions after an event has already concluded.

例文

1. 项目已经失败了，现在说当初应该怎么做，不过是在放马后炮，毫无意义。
2. 每次出了问题，他总是第一个站出来放马后炮，却从未在关键时刻提出过有建设性的建议。
3. 领导在总结会上的发言几乎全是马后炮，没有一条对下一步工作有实际指导价值。

使い方ガイド

場面: criticism, workplace, colloquial

トーン: ironic

正しい言い方

• 事后批评也好，马后炮也罢，关键是我们能从这次失误中提炼出什么可操作的经验教训，避免下次重蹈覆辙。(Whether it's post-event criticism or hindsight wisdom, what matters is what actionable lessons we can draw from this mistake to avoid repeating it.)
• 与其放马后炮，不如在项目推进过程中随时记录风险点，建立系统性的预警机制。(Rather than offering hindsight criticism, it is better to document risk points as the project progresses and establish a systematic early-warning mechanism.)

避ける言い方

• 在正式书面报告或严肃场合使用马后炮 — it is a colloquial idiom unsuitable for formal writing; use 事后批评 or 事后分析 in professional contexts instead

起源と歴史

From Chinese chess: 马 (horse/knight) + 后 (behind/after) + 炮 (cannon) — a cannon positioned behind a horse after the decisive moment has passed

文化的背景

世代: All ages

社会的背景: Universal