过失

• ピンイン: guò shī
• 漢字の分解: 过 = transgression; 失 = 手 (hand) + oblique stroke — to let something slip from one's hand

意味

过失（過失・不注意による落ち度）

A formal legal and ethical term distinguishing unintentional mistakes from deliberate wrongdoing. Used in legal proceedings (过失杀人 — manslaughter), professional accountability, and moral discussions. Implies culpability without malice.

例文

1. 法庭认定该医生的行为构成医疗过失，判决其承担赔偿责任。
2. 这次事故是工人操作过失所致，并非设备本身的问题。
3. 他主动承认了自己的过失，并向受影响的客户逐一道歉。

使い方ガイド

場面: law, ethics, accountability, workplace

トーン: serious

正しい言い方

• 他因过失导致公司遭受损失，须依规承担相应责任。(He caused the company to incur losses through negligence and must bear corresponding responsibility as required.)
• 过失与故意犯罪在法律上的定性和量刑存在显著差异。(Negligence and intentional crime differ significantly in legal characterisation and sentencing.)

避ける言い方

• 这只是一个小过失，别太在意 — while understandable, 过失 carries formal weight; for minor everyday slip-ups use 小失误 or 小错误

起源と歴史

过 (fault, transgression — as in 过错) + 失 (to lose, to err, to fail)

文化的背景

世代: All ages

社会的背景: Universal