风餐露宿

• ピンイン: fēng cān lù sù
• 漢字の分解: 风 = 几 + 虫 (wind, spirit); 餐 = 食 components (meal, to eat); 露 = 雨 + 路 (rain + path — dew, exposed to sky); 宿 = 宀 + 人 + 百 (roof + person — to lodge, sleep)

意味

（成語）野外での過酷な生活を続ける

A four-character idiom (成语) describing harsh conditions faced by travellers, explorers, field workers, or soldiers. Used to convey dedication and sacrifice. Often appears in literary descriptions of long journeys or demanding fieldwork.

例文

1. 地质勘探队的队员们在荒无人烟的山区风餐露宿长达数月，以惊人的毅力完成了这片矿区的详细地质勘察工作。
2. 古代信使为了将紧急军情送达边关将领，不分昼夜地赶路，风餐露宿，历尽艰辛，终于在规定期限内完成了使命。
3. 记者深入灾区进行长达三周的实地报道，风餐露宿，用镜头和文字记录下了那段艰难岁月中普通民众的真实生活。

使い方ガイド

場面: literature, travel, history, journalism

トーン: serious

正しい言い方

• 这批科研人员在人迹罕至的高原上风餐露宿了整整两个冬季，用坚定的信念和严谨的科学态度换来了一批极具价值的气候数据。(These researchers endured wind and open skies, eating and sleeping outdoors on a sparsely inhabited plateau for two full winters, trading steadfast determination and rigorous scientific rigour for a set of highly valuable climate data.)
• 这部小说以真实的历史事件为背景，生动再现了那支孤军深入敌后、风餐露宿、辗转数千里终于突破重围的艰难历程。(Set against real historical events, this novel vividly reconstructs the arduous journey of that isolated unit as it penetrated deep behind enemy lines, enduring great hardship and travelling thousands of miles before finally breaking through the encirclement.)

避ける言い方

• 风餐露宿 for minor discomfort — the idiom specifically refers to sustained outdoor hardship without proper shelter or meals; using it to describe staying in a modest hotel would be inappropriate overstatement

起源と歴史

风 (wind) + 餐 (eat/meal) + 露 (open air/dew) + 宿 (sleep/lodge) — to eat in wind and sleep in the open; enduring outdoor hardship

文化的背景

時代: Classical

世代: All ages

社会的背景: Universal