纵然

• Pinyin: zòng rán
• Desglose de hanzi: 纵 = 糸 + 从 (release/even if); 然 = 灬 + 肰 (so/thus)

Significado

Aunque; aun cuando; incluso si (registro formal).

More literary and emphatic than 即使 or 就算. Common in formal writing, classical-style prose, and oratory. Often appears in the first clause of a concessive structure followed by 也 or 仍然.

Ejemplos

1. 纵然前路荆棘丛生，他们也绝不会放弃这项使命。
2. 纵然对方提出了种种理由，调查委员会仍坚持独立核查的立场。
3. 纵然结果未必如愿，此次探索的意义仍不可低估。

Guía de uso

Contexto: literature, speech, debate, formal writing

Tono: neutral

Correcto

• 纵然困难重重，这支团队仍以顽强的意志完成了科研攻关任务。(Even though the difficulties were immense, the team still accomplished the research breakthrough with indomitable determination.)
• 纵然批评声音不断，他仍坚持推行这一颇具争议的改革方案。(Even if criticism continued to mount, he persisted in advancing this controversial reform plan.)

Incorrecto

• 纵然我想吃东西了 — 纵然 requires a meaningful concessive contrast; use 虽然 or 不过 for casual concessive remarks

Origen e historia

纵 (even if/release) + 然 (so/thus)

Contexto cultural

Generación: All ages

Contexto social: Universal