文献

• Pinyin: wén xiàn
• Desglose de hanzi: 文 (documents, writing); 献 = 鬲 + 犬 (to offer, present — originally ritual offerings)

Significado

Bibliografía; literatura académica; documentos fuente.

Central to academic research in China. 文献综述 (literature review) is a mandatory component of academic papers. 古典文献 refers to classical texts. Digital databases such as CNKI (中国知网) are major repositories. 参考文献 (bibliography) is required in formal academic writing.

Ejemplos

1. 撰写学术论文时，必须广泛查阅相关文献，以确保论据充分、论述严谨。
2. 这份古代文献详细记录了当时的社会制度和民众的日常生活状况。
3. 研究团队梳理了大量文献资料，最终形成了系统性的研究报告。

Guía de uso

Contexto: academic, research, history

Tono: neutral

Correcto

• 论文答辩时，导师要求对每一条文献引用都能作出准确而详尽的说明。(During the thesis defence, the supervisor required accurate and detailed explanations for every cited reference.)
• 数字化技术的发展使古代文献的保存、检索和传播变得更加便捷高效。(The development of digital technology has made the preservation, retrieval, and dissemination of ancient documents more convenient and efficient.)

Incorrecto

• 我查了文献，说天气会变冷 — for casual weather information, use 天气预报; 文献 refers to formal scholarly or historical documents, not general information or news sources

Origen e historia

文 (writing, documents) + 献 (to offer, to present — archaic: a learned man who presents knowledge)

Contexto cultural

Época: Ancient to modern

Generación: All ages

Contexto social: Universal