书面

• Pinyin: shū miàn
• Desglose de hanzi: 书 = 聿 + 曰 (writing brush — writing; document); 面 = face/surface (aspect; surface)

Significado

Escrito; por escrito.

An attributive adjective meaning 'in written form'. Used in legal, administrative, and formal communication contexts to specify that something must be documented in writing rather than communicated verbally. Key collocations: 书面通知 (written notice); 书面协议 (written agreement); 书面申请 (written application); 书面语 (written language/literary register).

Ejemplos

1. 按劳动合同法，用人单位解除劳动关系时，必须提前三十日以书面形式通知劳动者，否则应额外支付一个月工资。
2. 法院裁定双方当事人在庭审结束后十五日内分别提交书面陈述意见，以补充和完善各自在庭上的口头陈述。
3. 这份书面协议虽然在法律形式上无懈可击，但其中若干条款的措辞存在实质性歧义，可能在日后的合同履行过程中引发争议。

Guía de uso

Contexto: law, contracts, administration, official communication

Tono: neutral

Correcto

• 重大商业谈判中，口头共识应尽快写成有法律效力的书面协议；口头承诺因缺乏记录，事后几乎难以举证。(In major business negotiations, any verbal consensus should be turned quickly into a legally binding written agreement; verbal promises are almost impossible to prove later because they lack records.)
• 政府信息公开申请要求以书面形式提出，并注明信息名称、用途和真实身份，这样才能保证管理规范、便于追溯。(Government information disclosure requests must be submitted in written form and include the information's name, purpose, and true identity, so management stays standardised and traceable.)

Incorrecto

• 书面 to mean 'literary' in the stylistic sense — use 文学性 (literary quality) or 书面语 when specifically contrasting written register with spoken register; 书面 as a standalone adjective primarily means 'in written form' in an administrative/legal sense, not 'having literary merit'

Origen e historia

书 (writing; document) + 面 (surface; face; aspect — 面 face with features)

Contexto cultural

Generación: All ages

Contexto social: Universal