书面

• 拼音: shū miàn
• 汉字拆解: 书 = 聿 + 曰 (writing brush — writing; document); 面 = face/surface (aspect; surface)

含义

Written; in written form; in writing (as opposed to verbal/oral).

An attributive adjective meaning 'in written form'. Used in legal, administrative, and formal communication contexts to specify that something must be documented in writing rather than communicated verbally. Key collocations: 书面通知 (written notice); 书面协议 (written agreement); 书面申请 (written application); 书面语 (written language/literary register).

例句

1. 按劳动合同法，用人单位解除劳动关系时，必须提前三十日以书面形式通知劳动者，否则应额外支付一个月工资。
2. 法院裁定双方当事人在庭审结束后十五日内分别提交书面陈述意见，以补充和完善各自在庭上的口头陈述。
3. 这份书面协议虽然在法律形式上无懈可击，但其中若干条款的措辞存在实质性歧义，可能在日后的合同履行过程中引发争议。

用法指南

语境: law, contracts, administration, official communication

语气: neutral

正确说法

• 重大商业谈判中，口头共识应尽快写成有法律效力的书面协议；口头承诺因缺乏记录，事后几乎难以举证。(In major business negotiations, any verbal consensus should be turned quickly into a legally binding written agreement; verbal promises are almost impossible to prove later because they lack records.)
• 政府信息公开申请要求以书面形式提出，并注明信息名称、用途和真实身份，这样才能保证管理规范、便于追溯。(Government information disclosure requests must be submitted in written form and include the information's name, purpose, and true identity, so management stays standardised and traceable.)

错误说法

• 书面 to mean 'literary' in the stylistic sense — use 文学性 (literary quality) or 书面语 when specifically contrasting written register with spoken register; 书面 as a standalone adjective primarily means 'in written form' in an administrative/legal sense, not 'having literary merit'

起源与历史

书 (writing; document) + 面 (surface; face; aspect — 面 face with features)

文化背景

世代: All ages

社会背景: Universal