讽刺

• Pinyin: fěng cì
• Desglose de hanzi: 讽 = 讠 (speech radical) + 风 (wind — words that circulate indirectly, like wind); 刺 = 朿 + 刀 (thorn + knife — to pierce, to stab)

Significado

Satirizar; ironizar; ridiculizar mediante crítica indirecta.

讽刺 spans gentle wit to biting mockery. 辛辣的讽刺 = biting satire. 讽刺文学 = satirical literature. 讽刺画 = caricature or political cartoon. Chinese literary tradition has a rich vein of indirect satirical writing. Also used in daily speech: 这真是一种讽刺 (what an irony).

Ejemplos

1. 这部短篇小说集以辛辣笔法讽刺晚清官场腐败与虚伪礼教，百年后读来仍很有趣。
2. 那位政论专栏作家擅长以貌似赞美的语气讽刺时政，文章表面上对相关政策大加褒扬，实则以层层反讽揭示出政策执行中的深层矛盾与荒诞之处。
3. 这幅广受传播的网络漫画以大量讽刺元素呈现了消费主义文化中的种种矛盾，引发了公众对过度消费与环境代价之间关系的广泛讨论。

Guía de uso

Contexto: literature, politics, media, social commentary

Tono: critical

Correcto

• 优秀的政治讽刺能在发笑的同时引发反思，它以夸张和反讽揭露权力中的荒诞。(Good political satire can provoke reflection while making people laugh, and it uses exaggeration and irony to expose absurdity in power.)
• 这部小说用讽刺手法包裹对都市异化的批判，读者常在发笑之余感到不安。(This novel uses satire to wrap its criticism of urban alienation, and readers often feel uneasy after laughing.)

Incorrecto

• 讽刺 and 嘲笑 interchangeably — 嘲笑 means to laugh at or mock directly and openly, whereas 讽刺 implies indirect, ironic criticism with a literary or rhetorical dimension

Origen e historia

讽 (to recite; to hint indirectly; to admonish through allusion) + 刺 (to stab; to prick; to pierce) — to pierce with indirect words

Contexto cultural

Generación: All ages

Contexto social: Universal