能 (ability/possibility)

• Pinyin: néng
• Formation: Subj. + 能 + Verb + (Obj.)
• Hanzi breakdown: 能 = originally a pictograph of a bear (related to 熊), symbolizing strength and capability

Meaning

The auxiliary verb 能 (néng) expresses physical ability or the possibility of an action taking place. It indicates that someone has the capacity to do something or that circumstances allow it.

Unlike 会 (huì), which indicates a learned skill, 能 focuses on whether conditions or physical capacity permit an action. For example, 我能搬这个箱子 means 'I can lift this box' (physical strength allows it), while 我会开车 means 'I can drive' (I have learned to). 能 is also used to ask for or grant permission politely, similar to 'may' in English. The negative form 不能 means 'cannot' or 'must not,' and is commonly used for prohibitions. In questions, 能不能 is a polite way to ask whether something is possible or allowed.

Examples

1. 你放心，我能照顾好自己。 Don't worry, I can take care of myself.
2. 她中文说得很好，能看懂中文小说。 Her Chinese is very good; she can read Chinese novels.
3. 医生说你明天就能出院了。 The doctor said you can be discharged from the hospital tomorrow.

Usage Guide

Context: spoken, written, everyday

Tone: descriptive

Do Say

• 你能把窗户打开吗？太热了。
• 他跑得快，能赶上最后一班地铁。
• 我感冒了，今天不能去上班。
• 你能不能教我做这道菜？

Don't Say

• 她能唱歌唱得很好听。(When describing a learned talent, use 会 — 能 focuses on whether conditions allow the action, not acquired skill) → 她会唱歌，唱得很好听。
• 明天能下雨，带把伞吧。(For predictions about what will happen, use 会 — 能 cannot express future likelihood) → 明天会下雨，带把伞吧。

Origin & History

能 originally depicted a bear (related to 熊) in ancient Chinese, symbolizing physical strength and capability. It evolved into an auxiliary verb expressing ability and possibility.

Cultural Context

Generation: All ages

Social background: Universal