宪法

• 拼音: xiàn fǎ
• 汉字拆解: 宪 = 宀 + 害 (law enshrined above); 法 = 氵+ 去 (water flowing in the right direction — justice)

含义

Constitution; the fundamental law of a state that establishes the framework of government and guarantees basic rights.

The supreme legal document in a country, defining state power, citizens' rights, and governmental structures. In China, it is the 中华人民共和国宪法, last amended in 2018.

例句

1. 宪法是国家的根本大法，任何法律都不得与之相抵触。
2. 公民有权依据宪法的规定维护自己的合法权益。
3. 本届政府庄严承诺将严格依照宪法行使全部职权。

用法指南

语境: law, politics, civic education

语气: neutral

正确说法

• 修宪程序必须经全国人民代表大会审议并获得通过。(Constitutional amendment procedures must be reviewed and passed by the National People's Congress.)
• 保障公民的基本权利是宪法最核心的职能之一。(Protecting citizens' fundamental rights is one of the most central functions of the constitution.)

错误说法

• 我们家的宪法规定不能玩游戏 — use 家规 or 规定 for household rules; 宪法 is strictly a formal term for national constitutional law

起源与历史

宪 (law/statute) + 法 (law/method) — the foundational law above all other laws

文化背景

时代: Modern

世代: All ages

社会背景: Universal