衰减

• 拼音: shuāi jiǎn
• 汉字拆解: 衰 = 衣 + internal decreasing shape (garment radical + waning shape — to decline; to diminish); 减 = 氵 + 咸 (water + all/encompassing — to reduce; to subtract)

含义

To attenuate; to weaken; to diminish in strength or magnitude; to decay (of a signal, force, or effect).

Physics and engineering: signal attenuation (信号衰减), power loss. Biology: immune response weakening, radioactive decay. Economics and demographics: labour force decline, purchasing power erosion. Implies a measurable, gradual, quantifiable reduction.

例句

1. 基站设计必须精确计算信号在不同频段、材料和天气下的衰减，才能保证覆盖区信号足够强。
2. 随着老龄化加深，劳动年龄人口比例持续衰减，正成为拖累发达经济体长期增长的重要因素。
3. 核废料的放射性衰减要持续数千年，深地质处置库必须长期保持完整和隔离，要求极高。

用法指南

语境: physics, engineering, medicine, economics, demographics

语气: technical

正确说法

• 光纤传输的衰减主要来自散射和弯曲损耗，单模光纤在超长距离传输中更具优势。(In fiber-optic transmission, attenuation mainly comes from scattering and bending loss; single-mode fiber has a clearer advantage in ultra-long-distance transmission.)
• 部分创伤后应激障碍患者难以恢复，不是记忆更强，而是情绪衰减机制失灵，恐惧长期偏高。(Some patients with post-traumatic stress disorder struggle to recover not because the memory is stronger, but because the mechanism that attenuates emotion has failed, leaving fear elevated for a long time.)

错误说法

• 衰减 when describing the weakening of a person's physical strength or health in everyday contexts — use 衰退 (to decline) or 减弱 (to weaken) instead; 衰减 carries a technical, quantitative connotation of measurable attenuation and sounds clinical or overly technical when applied to general human decline

起源与历史

衰 (to decline; to diminish — 衣 garment radical + a decreasing interior shape, evoking something waning) + 减 (to reduce; to subtract — 氵water + 咸 all/encompassing)

文化背景

世代: All ages

社会背景: Universal