收缩

• 拼音: shōu suō
• 汉字拆解: 收 = 丩 + 攴 (to draw in, bring back); 缩 = 糸 + 宿 (to shrink — threads gathered tightly into a compact space)

含义

To contract; to shrink; to constrict. To become smaller or narrower, either physically or in scope.

Used across physical (muscles contracting, metal shrinking in cold), economic (market contraction), military (tactical withdrawal), and psychological (shrinking back from risk) contexts. Key collocations: 肌肉收缩 (muscle contraction), 经济收缩 (economic contraction), 战线收缩 (to shorten the front line), 瞳孔收缩 (pupil constriction). Contrast: 扩张 (to expand — the direct opposite); 萎缩 (to atrophy/wither — implies a pathological or irreversible decline, stronger than 收缩).

例句

1. 极端低温环境下，金属桥梁的主体结构会发生显著的热胀冷缩效应，工程师在设计时须预留足够的伸缩缝以防止因收缩应力导致的结构性断裂。
2. 在宏观经济下行周期中，企业往往主动收缩非核心业务线，将有限资源集中配置于具有持续盈利能力的核心产品，以提升整体的抗风险韧性。
3. 心肌细胞在正常状态下规律收缩；一旦节律被打乱，便可能引发心律失常甚至心室颤动。

用法指南

语境: science, economics, military, medicine, engineering

语气: neutral

正确说法

• 在货币政策收紧、融资成本上升时，企业应主动收缩资产负债表、降低杠杆，以保留流动性。(When monetary policy tightens and financing costs rise, companies should actively shrink their balance sheets and reduce leverage to preserve liquidity.)
• 研究显示，长期高压会使前额叶皮层发生可测量的收缩，并与认知灵活性下降有关。(Studies show that prolonged high stress can cause measurable shrinkage in the prefrontal cortex and is linked to reduced cognitive flexibility.)

错误说法

• 收缩 to mean pathological long-term decline or wasting away — use 萎缩 (to atrophy, to wither — implies irreversible deterioration); 收缩 is neutral and often reversible (muscles contract and relax; markets contract and expand), while 萎缩 carries a stronger connotation of pathological or permanent diminishment

起源与历史

收 (to draw in, to bring back) + 缩 (to shrink — 糸 thread + 宿 lodging, suggesting threads drawing together tightly)

文化背景

世代: All ages

社会背景: Universal