凡

• 병음: fán
• 한자 분석: 凡 = 几 (small table) + 丶 (dot) — a flat surface holding things; extended to mean 'all/every'

뜻

무릇 …하는 모든; …하는 경우에는 모두

As an adverb, 凡 introduces a condition or category meaning 'in all cases where' or 'every instance of.' It is formal and primarily written. Distinct from its use as an adjective meaning 'ordinary' or 'mortal.' Common in legal texts, regulations, and classical prose.

예문

1. 凡参加本次学术论坛的演讲者，须在大会开幕前三日提交完整的论文初稿及个人简介，以供审核委员会统一审阅。
2. 凡涉及公民基本权利的立法修订，均须经过全国人民代表大会常务委员会的三次审议方可通过。
3. 凡是能够在高压环境下保持冷静判断力的领导者，往往具备将危机转化为发展机遇的卓越能力。

사용 가이드

맥락: legal, academic, regulations, classical writing

어조: authoritative

올바른 표현

• 根据本公司最新修订的差旅费报销制度，凡单次出行住宿费用超过规定标准的，须事先取得部门负责人的书面审批，否则超出部分将不予报销。(According to the company's latest revised travel expense reimbursement policy, all accommodation costs for a single trip that exceed the prescribed standard must receive prior written approval from the head of the relevant department; otherwise, the excess amount will not be reimbursed.)
• 凡是在课程结束后六个月内未能通过结业考核的学员，将被取消本期培训的结业资格，且须重新申请参加下一期培训班，补交全额培训费用。(All trainees who fail to pass the final assessment within six months of the course ending will have their graduation qualification for this cohort cancelled, and will be required to reapply for the next training session and pay the full training fee again.)

피해야 할 표현

• 凡我喜欢的 — 凡 in formal usage requires a noun phrase or clause; in informal speech use 只要我喜欢的 or 所有我喜欢的 to avoid sounding stilted or awkward

기원과 역사

凡 originally depicted a flat tray or board — generalised to mean 'all' or 'every' through the idea of encompassing everything on a flat surface

문화적 배경

시대: 古代至现代

세대: All ages

사회적 배경: Universal