Law & Government

概要

この章では「Law & Government」というテーマにまとまって出てくる基本語彙を学びます。単語をばらばらに覚えるのではなく、場面といっしょに定着させるための構成です。

このまとまりを身につけると、その話題について話すときの語彙が増え、読むときも聞くときも反応しやすくなります。

テーマ

この章のJLPT N3 Vocabulary (43)

1. 政府 せいふ Government; administration. The executive branch that manages state affairs.
2. 国会 こっかい National Diet; the legislative assembly of Japan. The parliament that makes laws.
3. 選挙 せんきょ Election; the process of choosing representatives by voting.
4. 投票 とうひょう Voting; ballot; poll. The act of casting a vote in an election or decision.
5. 政党 せいとう Political party; an organized group that seeks to influence government policy.
6. 大統領 だいとうりょう President of a country. The head of state in a presidential system.
7. 首相 しゅしょう Prime minister; premier; chancellor. The head of government in a parliamentary system.
8. 大臣 だいじん Cabinet minister; a senior government official heading a ministry.
9. 議員 ぎいん Member of an assembly; legislator; member of parliament or congress.
10. 市長 しちょう Mayor; the elected head of a city government.
11. 知事 ちじ Prefectural governor; the elected head of a prefecture.
12. 裁判 さいばん Trial; judgement; a legal proceeding in court to determine guilt or settle disputes.
13. 裁判所 さいばんしょ Court; courthouse. The physical or institutional place where trials are conducted.
14. 弁護士 べんごし Lawyer; attorney. A licensed professional who represents clients in legal matters.
15. 検察 けんさつ Prosecution; criminal investigation. The branch of law enforcement that investigates and prosecutes crimes.
16. 被告 ひこく Defendant; the accused. The person against whom a legal action is brought.
17. 原告 げんこく Plaintiff; accuser. The person who brings a case against another in court.
18. 証拠 しょうこ Evidence; proof. Material or testimony used to establish facts in a legal or general context.
19. 判決 はんけつ Judicial decision; verdict; sentence. The formal ruling issued by a court.
20. 罰 ばつ Punishment; penalty; retribution. A consequence imposed for wrongdoing.
21. 刑 けい Penalty; sentence; punishment. A legal punishment determined by a court.
22. 犯罪 はんざい Crime; offence. An act that violates the law and is subject to punishment.
23. 犯人 はんにん Criminal; culprit; offender. The person who committed a crime.
24. 逮捕 たいほ Arrest; apprehension. The act of taking a person into custody by legal authority.
25. 捜査 そうさ Criminal investigation; inquiry. The process of searching for evidence and suspects.
26. 事件 じけん Incident; case; affair. Refers to a notable event, especially one involving crime or trouble.
27. 被害 ひがい Damage; harm; injury. Refers to suffering or loss caused by a disaster, crime, or other harmful event.
28. 条約 じょうやく Treaty; pact; convention. A formal agreement between nations or parties.
29. 憲法 けんぽう Constitution. The supreme law of a country that defines its fundamental principles and governance.
30. 法案 ほうあん Bill; legislative proposal. A draft of a proposed law submitted for debate and approval.
31. 許可 きょか Permission; approval; authorization. Official consent or license to do something.
32. 禁止 きんし Prohibition; ban; forbidden. The act of officially forbidding something.
33. 規制 きせい Regulation; restriction; control. Official rules or measures that limit or manage activities.
34. 芝生 しばふ Lawn; grass; turf. An area of short, cultivated grass.
35. グラウンド グラウンド Ground; playing field; sports ground. An open area used for sports and exercise.
36. 計 けい Total; sum; plan. Used as a suffix meaning total or as part of compounds relating to measurement and planning.
37. 嫁 よめ Bride; wife; daughter-in-law. Refers to a newly married woman or the wife of a son.
38. 礼儀 れいぎ Manners; courtesy; etiquette. Proper social behaviour and politeness.
39. 近視 きんし Nearsightedness; myopia. A condition where distant objects appear blurry.
40. 選手 せんしゅ Player; athlete; competitor. A person selected to represent a team or group in sports.
41. 操作 そうさ Operation; handling; manipulation. The act of operating or controlling a machine, device, or system.
42. 電子 でんし Electron; electronic. Refers to the subatomic particle or to electronic technology.
43. 法 ほう Law; act; method. As a suffix, it forms the names of specific laws and acts.