Politics, Law & Public Systems

概要

この章では「Politics, Law & Public Systems」というテーマにまとまって出てくる基本語彙を学びます。単語をばらばらに覚えるのではなく、場面といっしょに定着させるための構成です。

このまとまりを身につけると、その話題について話すときの語彙が増え、読むときも聞くときも反応しやすくなります。

テーマ

この章のJLPT N2 Vocabulary (48)

1. 遺伝の法則 いでんのほうそく Laws of heredity. The scientific principles governing how traits are passed from parents to offspring.
2. 掟 おきて Law; regulation; rule; code. An established rule or custom, often unwritten, within a group or community.
3. 改革 かいかく Reform; reformation; reorganization. Fundamental change to improve a system or institution.
4. 確信犯 かくしんはん Crime of conscience; conviction offender. Originally a person who commits a crime based on political or moral conviction.
5. 革命 かくめい Revolution. A fundamental and often sudden change in political power, social structure, or a field of endeavour.
6. 可決 かけつ Approval; adoption; passage. The formal approval of a motion, bill, or resolution through a vote.
7. 起訴 きそ Prosecution; indictment. The formal act of bringing criminal charges against someone in court.
8. 行政 ぎょうせい Administration; executive branch of government. The system and activities of government administration.
9. 刑務所 けいむしょ Prison; jail; penitentiary. A facility where convicted criminals serve their sentences.
10. 決議 けつぎ Resolution; vote; decision. A formal decision or declaration made by an assembly or organization.
11. 現行法 げんこうほう Existing law; current legislation; laws in force. The body of laws currently in effect.
12. 検事 けんじ Public prosecutor. A government lawyer responsible for prosecuting criminal cases on behalf of the state.
13. 控訴 こうそ Appeal to a higher court; intermediate appeal. The act of requesting a higher court to review a lower court's decision.
14. 告訴 こくそ Accusation; criminal complaint; pressing charges. The formal act of reporting a crime and requesting prosecution.
15. 採決 さいけつ Vote; ballot; putting a matter to a vote. The act of voting on a proposal or motion in a formal assembly.
16. 裁判官 さいばんかん Judge. A public official appointed to hear and decide cases in a court of law.
17. 死刑 しけい Death penalty; capital punishment. The most severe criminal punishment, involving execution of the convicted person.
18. 施策 しさく Policy; measure; initiative. A plan or course of action adopted by a government or organisation.
19. 自治体 じちたい Municipality; local government; self-governing body. A local administrative unit with the power to govern itself.
20. 弱肉強食 じゃくにくきょうしょく The law of the jungle; survival of the fittest. The strong prey on the weak.
21. 釈放 しゃくほう Release; liberation; setting free. The act of freeing a person from custody or imprisonment.
22. 上告 じょうこく Final appeal; appeal to the Supreme Court. The last stage of appeal in Japan's three-tier court system.
23. 条例 じょうれい Ordinance; local regulation; bylaw. Rules established by a local government within its jurisdiction.
24. 処罰 しょばつ Punishment; penalty; penalisation. The act of imposing a penalty on someone for a crime or wrongdoing.
25. 審議 しんぎ Deliberation; discussion; consideration. The formal examination and discussion of a matter, especially in parliament.
26. 政権 せいけん Political administration; political power. The authority or right to govern a country.
27. 政権をとる せいけんをとる To take power; to assume governmental authority. Used when a political party gains control of the government.
28. 制裁 せいさい Sanctions; punishment. Punitive measures imposed for violating rules, laws, or international norms.
29. 制裁する せいさいする To punish; to impose sanctions. To take punitive action against a person, group, or nation for wrongdoing.
30. 政策 せいさく Political measures; policy. A systematic plan or course of action adopted by a government or organisation.
31. 訴訟 そしょう Lawsuit; litigation. The formal process of taking legal action through the courts.
32. 答弁 とうべん Response; reply; answer; defence. A formal answer to questioning, especially in parliament or court.
33. 独裁 どくさい Dictatorship; despotism; autocracy. A system of government where one person or group holds absolute power.
34. 内戦 ないせん Civil war. Armed conflict within a single country between opposing factions or regions.
35. 賠償 ばいしょう Compensation; reparations; indemnity; damages. Payment made for loss or damage, especially in legal or international contexts.
36. 判事 はんじ Judge; judiciary. A person who presides over court proceedings and delivers judgements.
37. 判明 はんめい Establishing; proving; ascertaining; confirming. The act of something becoming clearly known or identified.
38. 否決 ひけつ Rejection; negation; voting down. The formal rejection of a proposal or bill by vote.
39. 武力 ぶりょく Armed might; military power; force. The strength or capability of a military or armed group.
40. 兵威 へいい Military power; armed authority. The intimidating force or prestige of an army.
41. 方策 ほうさく Plan; measure; means; scheme; policy. A strategic approach or method for addressing a problem.
42. 法廷 ほうてい Court of law; courtroom. The place where legal proceedings are conducted.
43. 法的な ほうてきな Legal; pertaining to law. Describing something that relates to or is based on law.
44. 法律に明るい ほうりつにあかるい Familiar with law; well-versed in legal matters. Describing someone who has good knowledge of the law.
45. 法令 ほうれい Statute; law; act; ordinance; regulation. A broad term covering laws and governmental decrees.
46. 民主 みんしゅ Democracy; popular sovereignty. The principle that political power belongs to the people.
47. 無罪 むざい Innocence; being not guilty. The legal determination that a person did not commit the crime charged.
48. 有罪 ゆうざい Guilt; culpability. The legal determination that a person committed the crime charged.