半導体

• 読み: はんどうたい
• ローマ字: handōtai
• 漢字の分解: 半 (han/naka-ba) — half, semi; 導 (dō/michibi-) — conduct, guide; 体 (tai/karada) — body, substance
• 発音: /ha.ɴ.doː.ta.i/

意味

Semiconductor; a material whose electrical conductivity lies between that of a conductor and an insulator, and which can be controlled by doping, temperature, or applied fields.

A noun fundamental to modern electronics. Semiconductors such as silicon (シリコン) and germanium (ゲルマニウム) form the basis of transistors, integrated circuits, solar cells, and LEDs. N型 and P型半導体 are created by doping with different impurities. The 半導体産業 (semiconductor industry) is geopolitically and economically critical, and supply chain issues with 半導体 frequently make headlines.

例文

1. シリコンは現代の電子機器を支える最も重要な半導体材料だ。
2. 半導体不足が自動車産業を直撃し、世界的な生産遅延を引き起こした。
3. 半導体の電気的特性は不純物の添加量や温度によって精密に制御できる。

使い方ガイド

場面: electronics, physics, materials science, economics, news

トーン: neutral

起源と歴史

Compound of 半 (han — half, semi) and 導体 (dōtai — conductor). A Meiji/Showa-era translation of 'semiconductor', describing a material that conducts halfway between a conductor and an insulator.

文化的背景

時代: Modern

世代: All ages

社会的背景: Universal