Existence & States

概要

この章では「Existence & States」に関わる日本語の文型をまとめて練習します。ルールを個別に覚えるだけでなく、実際の文の中でどう働くかまでつかめるようにするための章です。

学び終えるころには、自分で使うときも、読解や会話で聞き取るときも、それぞれの形のニュアンスを前より自然に判断しやすくなります。

テーマ

この章のJapanese Grammar Basic (17)

1. ある (existence of inanimate things) ある Indicates that an inanimate object exists or is located somewhere. It is the counterpart of いる, which is used for animate beings. ある is o...
2. ある (resultant state) ある Used after the て-form of a transitive verb to indicate that something has been done and the resulting state remains. This pattern emphasi...
3. いる (existence of animate things) いる Indicates that an animate being — a person, animal, or other living creature — exists or is located somewhere. It is the animate counterp...
4. いる (progressive / ongoing state) いる Used after the て-form of a verb to indicate that an action is currently in progress or that a state resulting from a past action continue...
5. する (causing a state or action) する The verb する is used to indicate that someone or something causes a state or action to take place. It is the most basic and widely used ve...
6. する (semi-permanent attribute) する する is used to describe a semi-permanent physical attribute or characteristic that someone or something possesses. This usage often appear...
7. する (sensory perception) する する is used to express that something is perceived through non-visual senses — smell, taste, sound, touch, or a general feeling. The thing...
8. する (cost or duration) する する is used to express how much something costs or how long something takes. The amount or duration is typically marked with が, and する ind...
9. 要る・いる (need) いる Expresses that someone or something needs or requires something. The subject (what is needed) is marked with が, and the person who needs ...
10. 分かる・わかる (understand) わかる Expresses that something becomes clear, understandable, or known to someone spontaneously. The thing understood is marked with が, and the...
11. 知る・しる (come to know) しる Describes acquiring information or knowledge from an external source. The basic form 知る indicates the moment of learning something new, w...
12. 見える・みえる (be visible) みえる Expresses that something is naturally or spontaneously visible to someone without deliberate effort. The thing seen is marked with が, emp...
13. 聞こえる・きこえる (be audible) きこえる Expresses that a sound is naturally and spontaneously audible to someone. The sound source is marked with が, indicating that hearing happ...
14. 好きだ・すきだ (like) すき A na-adjective that expresses liking or fondness for something or someone. The liked object is marked with が, and the person who likes is...
15. 嫌いだ・きらいだ (dislike) きらい A na-adjective expressing dislike or aversion towards something or someone. The disliked object is marked with が, and the person who disl...
16. 多い・おおい (many/much) おおい An い-adjective meaning 'many,' 'much,' or 'a lot.' It describes a large quantity or number of something and is used as a predicate, not a...
17. 少ない・すくない (few/little) すくない An い-adjective meaning 'few,' 'little,' or 'scarce.' It describes a small quantity or number of something and, like 多い, is primarily used...