に Japanese Grammar Basic

Kana に

1. に (time) に A particle that marks a specific point in time at which something takes place. It is used with concrete time expressions such as days, da...
2. に (indirect object) に A particle that marks the indirect object — the person or entity that receives something, or toward whom an action is directed. It answer...
3. に (agent/source) に A particle that indicates the agent or source in passive constructions, causative sentences, and receiving expressions with もらう and てもらう....
4. に (surface) に A particle that indicates the surface of something upon which some action is directed, such as writing on, sitting on, drawing on, or pla...
5. に (purpose) に A particle that indicates the purpose for which someone moves from one place to another. It connects a purpose with a movement verb, expr...
6. に (existence location) に A particle that indicates the location where someone or something exists. It is used exclusively with existence verbs such as いる (for ani...
7. に (destination) に A particle that indicates the destination or goal toward which someone or something moves. It marks the arrival point of directional move...
8. ～にくい (hard to) にくい A suffix attached to the ます stem of verbs to express that an action is difficult to do. It describes the inherent difficulty or resistanc...
9. ～にする (decide on) にする Expresses that someone has decided on or chosen something from available options. It is commonly used when ordering food, selecting items...
10. ～に違いない (certainty) にちがいない Expresses the speaker's strong conviction that something must be the case. The speaker is convinced there is no mistake in their judgemen...
11. ～にしては (for/considering) にしては Expresses that something is contrary to or different from the standard or expectation associated with the preceding noun or verb. It conv...