无故

• ピンイン: wú gù
• 漢字の分解: 无 = negation (without); 故 = 古 + 攵 (old cause — a reason, incident, or original ground) — without any such ground

意味

正当な理由なく

Strong collocations: 无故缺席 (absent without cause), 无故解雇 (dismiss without cause), 无故旷工 (absent from work without reason), 无故取消 (cancel without reason). Appears frequently in employment law, contract law, and institutional regulations. Implies a violation of expected conduct or procedural norms.

例文

1. 劳动合同明确规定，雇主不得无故解雇员工，否则须依法向员工支付相应的经济补偿金。
2. 他在重要会议中无故缺席，引发了管理层的强烈不满和严肃质询。
3. 学校规定，学生无故旷课超过三次者，将面临相应的纪律处分，情节严重者须接受留校察看。

使い方ガイド

場面: law, employment, administration

トーン: neutral

正しい言い方

• 该条款明确规定，任何一方不得无故单方面终止合同，否则须向对方支付违约金并承担由此引发的全部直接损失。(This clause expressly stipulates that neither party may unilaterally terminate the contract without cause; otherwise, it must pay the other party a penalty and bear all direct losses arising therefrom.)
• 管理委员会对这位长期无故旷工的员工发出正式书面警告，并要求其在规定期限内提供正当理由，否则将依规启动解雇程序。(The management committee issued a formal written warning to the employee who had repeatedly been absent from work without cause, requiring him to provide a legitimate explanation within the stipulated period or face dismissal proceedings.)

避ける言い方

• 无故 interchangeably with 莫名 in formal contexts — 莫名 describes something mysterious or inexplicable to the observer, while 无故 specifically asserts the objective absence of legitimate justification for an action

起源と歴史

无 (without) + 故 (reason/cause/incident) — without any reason or justification

文化的背景

世代: All ages

社会的背景: Universal