农民工

• ピンイン: nóng mín gōng
• 漢字の分解: 农 = simplified 農 (farming); 民 = 氏 (clan) + 丿 (people) — the common people; 工 = pictograph of a carpenter's square — work/worker

意味

出稼ぎ労働者（農民工）

Refers to the large population of rural Chinese residents who migrate to urban areas to find employment, typically in construction, manufacturing, or service industries. A defining feature of China's rapid urbanisation since the 1980s. Issues include: hukou (户口) restrictions, access to education and healthcare, wage disputes. Estimated at 280+ million people. The term can carry both descriptive and socially sensitive connotations depending on context.

例文

1. 数以亿计的农民工在过去几十年中为中国的城镇化建设和经济腾飞做出了不可磨灭的历史性贡献。
2. 许多农民工在城市从事建筑、餐饮或快递行业，尽管工作辛苦，却依然省吃俭用将收入寄回家乡，支撑子女上学。
3. 保障农民工的合法权益、特别是及时足额支付工资，是每年全国两会上代表委员关注的重要民生议题之一。

使い方ガイド

場面: society, economics, labour, urbanisation

トーン: neutral

正しい言い方

• 随着新生代农民工受教育程度的不断提升，他们对工作环境、薪酬待遇和职业发展的期望也在发生深刻变化，用人单位必须正视这一趋势。(As the educational level of the new generation of migrant workers continues to rise, their expectations regarding working conditions, remuneration, and career development are also undergoing profound changes — employers must confront this trend.)
• 春运是全球规模最大的人口流动，数以亿计的农民工在春节前后踏上返乡路，形成了世界上独一无二的社会景观。(The Spring Festival travel rush is the world's largest human migration — hundreds of millions of migrant workers set out on their journeys home around the Spring Festival, creating a social spectacle unique in the world.)

避ける言い方

• 用带有歧视意味的语气或表达使用'农民工'一词 — 农民工 is a neutral sociological term; it should be used with respect for the significant contributions these workers have made to China's development; avoid patronising or demeaning framings

起源と歴史

农民 (farmer/peasant) + 工 (worker/work) — a farmer who works as a labourer (in cities)

文化的背景

時代: Modern (1980s onwards)

世代: All ages

社会的背景: Working class, rural-urban migrants