受过

• Pinyin: shòu guò
• Desglose de hanzi: 受 = 爪 + 冖 + 又 (hand from above + cover + hand from below — to receive, to accept); 过 = 辶 + 咼 (walk + crooked — to pass, transgress; extended to fault/mistake)

Significado

Cargar con la culpa ajena; pagar por otro; ser chivo expiatorio.

A verb phrase where 过 means 'fault; mistake; wrongdoing' (as in 过错 — fault). 受过 therefore literally means 'to receive/bear someone's fault/punishment'. Implies the person bearing the blame is not the actual wrongdoer, and often that the real culprit has escaped accountability. Common in literary, political, and institutional contexts. Distinct from 受罚 (to receive punishment — may be deserved) and 替罪 (to serve as a scapegoat — similar, but more formal and literary).

Ejemplos

1. 责任追溯中，真正的决策者脱身了，几名基层技术人员却被迫替上级受过。
2. 公司危机最深时，他没有辩解，而是主动站出来为团队受过，赢得了信任。
3. 历史上不乏忠臣被迫为君主受过的案例，这说明权力不对称下清白很脆弱。

Guía de uso

Contexto: workplace, politics, history, accountability

Tono: critical

Correcto

• 在缺乏问责的组织里，权力越大越能把失误转嫁给下属，让基层员工替自己受过。(In organisations lacking accountability, the more power someone has, the more easily they can shift their mistakes onto subordinates and make frontline staff take the blame.)
• 历史公正往往来得很迟，许多为他人受过的无辜者生前都等不到平反。(Historical justice often comes very late, and many innocent people who took the blame for others never lived to see their names cleared.)

Incorrecto

• 受过 for deserved punishment — use 受罚 (to receive punishment — neutral, may be deserved) or 受到惩处 (to be penalised/punished); 受过 specifically implies that the person bearing the blame is not the actual wrongdoer

Origen e historia

受 (to receive; to bear) + 过 (fault; mistake; wrongdoing — originally to pass/cross over, extended to 'transgression, error')

Contexto cultural

Generación: All ages

Contexto social: Universal