受惊

• Pinyin: shòu jīng
• Desglose de hanzi: 受 = 爪 + 冖 + 又 (to receive/bear); 惊 = 忄 + 京 (heart radical + capital/high — heart leaping; to be startled)

Significado

Sobresaltarse; asustarse de repente.

Describes an involuntary fear response triggered by an unexpected stimulus — a sudden noise, movement, or news. Can apply to people, animals, and infants. The cause is typically unexpected rather than anticipated. More acute and momentary than 恐惧 (fear — a sustained emotional state) and more involuntary than 害怕 (to be afraid — more general). Key collocations: 受惊吓 (to be startled/frightened — emphatic); 受惊的动物 (a startled animal); 容易受惊 (easily startled).

Ejemplos

1. 马群在雷暴天很容易受惊，牧场主会提前把它们转入厩舍，尽量减少陌生刺激。
2. 这名在车祸现场受惊的目击者陈述混乱，专家认为这是急性应激反应，建议暂缓取证。
3. 幼儿在陌生环境中受惊时会哭闹并紧紧依附照护者，及时安慰有助于建立安全型依恋。

Guía de uso

Contexto: animal behaviour, psychology, accidents, child development

Tono: neutral

Correcto

• 野生动物拍摄中一旦受惊，常会出现剧烈应激，摄影师必须严格遵守不干扰原则。(If a wild animal is startled during filming, it can react with intense stress, so the photographer must strictly follow the no-disturbance principle.)
• 在新生儿重症监护中，减少让早产儿受惊的声光刺激，是神经保护护理的核心。(In neonatal intensive care, reducing sound and light stimuli that startle premature infants is a core part of neuroprotective nursing.)

Incorrecto

• 受惊 for prolonged or chronic fear — use 恐惧 (fear — a sustained emotional state) or 焦虑 (anxiety — ongoing worry); 受惊 specifically refers to the acute, involuntary startle response to a sudden unexpected stimulus

Origen e historia

受 (to experience; to be subjected to) + 惊 (shock; fright; to startle — 马 horse + 敬 to respect, originally depicting a horse startled into alertness)

Contexto cultural

Generación: All ages

Contexto social: Universal