施加

• Pinyin: shī jiā
• Desglose de hanzi: 施 = 方 + 也 (to carry out, to apply); 加 = 力 + 口 (to add, to increase, to impose)

Significado

Ejercer; aplicar; imponer (presión, influencia, sanciones).

Always takes an object that is an abstract force: pressure (压力), influence (影响), constraints (限制), sanctions (制裁). The subject is typically an agent with power or authority. Not used for physical forces in engineering — use 施加 for social, political, and psychological contexts. Collocations: 施加压力 (exert pressure), 施加影响 (exert influence), 施加制裁 (impose sanctions).

Ejemplos

1. 多个西方国家联合对该政权施加经济制裁，希望通过贸易封锁迫使其回到谈判桌上。
2. 上司不断向他施加压力，要求他在规定期限内完成远超实际工作量的任务，令他长期处于高度焦虑状态。
3. 大国在双边谈判中频繁施加外交影响，使小国在主权问题上几乎没有自主表达立场的空间。

Guía de uso

Contexto: politics, diplomacy, psychology, management

Tono: assertive

Correcto

• 国际社会应当通过合法渠道对侵权方施加足够的外交压力，而非诉诸单边的军事手段解决争端。(The international community should exert sufficient diplomatic pressure on the infringing party through legitimate channels, rather than resorting to unilateral military means to resolve the dispute.)
• 心理学研究表明，长期处于他人施加的高度期望压力之下，青少年更容易产生焦虑和自我否定情绪。(Psychological research indicates that adolescents who are consistently subjected to the high-expectation pressure imposed by others are more prone to developing anxiety and self-negating emotions.)

Incorrecto

• 施加 with physical/mechanical forces — for physics use 施力 or 给...施力; 施加 is reserved for abstract, social, and political forces

Origen e historia

施 (to apply, to carry out) + 加 (to add, to impose)

Contexto cultural

Generación: All ages

Contexto social: Universal