伤残

• Pinyin: shāng cán
• Hanzi breakdown: 伤 = 亻(person radical) + 仿 (phonetic shāng, implying a striking blow) = a wounded person; 残 = 歹 (death/decay radical) + 戋 (phonetic jiān, meaning diminished) = disabled/incomplete — 伤残: injured to the point of lasting disability

Meaning

To be injured and left with a disability; physical injury that results in permanent or lasting functional impairment. Also used as a noun or adjective referring to such a disability.

Used in legal, medical, insurance, and social welfare contexts: 伤残等级 (disability rating), 伤残鉴定 (disability assessment), 伤残赔偿 (disability compensation), 工伤伤残 (occupational injury disability). Distinct from 残疾 (which may be congenital): 伤残 specifically implies injury as the cause of the disability.

Examples

1. 这名工人在施工事故中因未按规定佩戴安全设备而导致严重伤残，经劳动能力鉴定委员会评定为五级伤残，有权依法获得相应的工伤赔偿。 Because he failed to wear required safety equipment, this worker suffered a severe disabling injury in a construction accident. A labor capacity appraisal committee rated it as a Level 5 disability, and he is legally entitled to the corresponding workers’ compensation.
2. 交通事故受害者经法医鉴定认定为十级伤残，法院据此判令肇事方赔偿包括医疗费、误工费、伤残赔偿金及精神损害抚慰金在内的全部损失。 After forensic appraisal determined that the traffic accident victim had a Level 10 disability, the court ordered the at-fault party to compensate for all losses, including medical expenses, lost wages, disability compensation, and damages for emotional distress.
3. 政府为因公务负伤致残的军人提供专项优待政策，包括医疗保障、就业安置和生活补贴，以保障伤残军人及其家属的基本生活尊严。 The government provides special preferential policies for service members who are disabled due to injuries sustained in the line of duty, including medical coverage, job placement, and living subsidies, to safeguard the basic dignity and livelihood of disabled veterans and their families.

Usage Guide

Context: law, medicine, insurance, military, social welfare

Tone: serious

Do Say

• 按工伤保险条例，劳动者因工致残后，可按伤残等级申请一次性补助金和按月津贴。(Under work injury insurance regulations, after a worker becomes disabled due to work, they may apply for a one-time subsidy and monthly allowance according to the disability grade.)
• 这家做伤残辅助技术的企业为不同伤残等级用户设计个性化康复方案，帮助他们恢复独立生活。(This company, which develops assistive technology for the disabled, designs personalized rehabilitation plans for users of different disability levels to help them regain independent living.)

Don't Say

• 他因为伤残了所以不能工作 — 伤残了 as a standalone verb followed by 所以 is awkward; say 他因伤致残，无法正常工作 or 他的伤残使他失去了工作能力 for clarity

Origin & History

伤 = 亻(person radical) + 仿 (phonetic shāng, implying a blow/strike) = a wounded person; 残 = 歹 (death/decay radical) + 戋 (phonetic jiān, meaning thin/diminished) = something diminished/disabled = 伤残: wounded to the point of disability

Cultural Context

Generation: All ages

Social background: Universal