遗嘱

• 拼音: yí zhǔ
• 汉字拆解: 遗 = 辶 + 贵 (movement + precious — left behind); 嘱 = 口 + 属 (mouth + to belong/enjoin — verbal instructions entrusted to someone)

含义

A will; a testament. A legal or personal document in which a person expresses their wishes regarding the distribution of their estate or other matters after death.

Both a legal term (立遗嘱 — to make a will; 遗嘱执行人 — executor) and used in broader personal contexts (expressing final wishes). Distinct from 遗愿 (unfulfilled aspirations) and 遗言 (last spoken words). Common collocations: 公证遗嘱 (notarised will), 口头遗嘱 (oral will), 撤销遗嘱 (revoke a will).

例句

1. 律师建议老人尽早立下公证遗嘱，将名下房产和存款的处置方式以法律文件的形式固定下来，以防日后产生家庭纠纷。
2. 这份尘封多年的遗嘱在整理遗物时被意外发现，其中的内容令所有继承人都大感意外。
3. 依据遗嘱中的明确指示，逝者将个人藏书全数捐赠给公共图书馆，而非留给子女继承。

用法指南

语境: law, family, finance, estate planning

语气: neutral

正确说法

• 为避免财产纠纷，中老年人应趁身体尚好时咨询律师，依法订立公证遗嘱，明确资产处置和受益人。(To avoid property disputes, middle-aged and elderly people should consult a lawyer while still in good health and make a notarised will that clearly sets out asset distribution and beneficiaries.)
• 法院审理遗产纠纷时发现，当事人生前订立过三份遗嘱，内容矛盾，引发其效力认定争议。(When hearing the inheritance dispute, the court found that the deceased had made three wills, and their conflicting contents led to a dispute over validity.)

错误说法

• 他写了遗嘱说要努力工作 — 遗嘱 is specifically a legal document governing estate and post-death wishes; personal aspirations or motivational notes are not 遗嘱; use 日记、信件、嘱咐 for general written advice

起源与历史

遗 (left behind by the deceased) + 嘱 (to instruct/entrust — 口 mouth + 属 to belong/to enjoin, instructing with the mouth)

文化背景

时代: Modern

世代: Older adults/All ages

社会背景: Universal