预算

• 병음: yù suàn
• 한자 분석: 预 = 予 + 页 (in advance); 算 = 竹 + 目 + 廾 (bamboo + eye + hands — counting on an abacus)

뜻

예산; 예산을 세우다

Used across personal finance, corporate management, and government fiscal policy. Key collocations: 财政预算 (fiscal budget), 国家预算 (national budget), 预算外资金 (extra-budgetary funds), 预算赤字 (budget deficit), 超出预算 (over budget), 预算管理 (budget management). In China, government budget reform has been a key governance topic, including issues of off-budget spending and transparency.

예문

1. 这项基础设施规划的总投资远超省级财政预算，省政府正研究发债、引资和争取转移支付来补缺口。
2. 在现代企业财务管理中，滚动预算和零基预算正取代传统年度预算，前者动态更新，后者每期从零论证支出。
3. 在财政透明度改革推进下，公众更关注政府预算编制和执行，这也提高了预算的科学性和信息披露要求。

사용 가이드

맥락: finance, government, business, management

어조: neutral

올바른 표현

• 有效的预算管理不只是分配财务数字，更是把战略目标拆成可执行资源方案的核心工具。(Effective budget management is not just about allocating financial figures; it is the core tool for breaking strategic goals into executable resource plans.)
• 新预算法修订的关键，是把各类政府性基金和国有资本经营预算纳入统一管理，堵住预算外收支漏洞。(The key revision of the Budget Law was bringing all kinds of government funds and state-owned capital operating budgets under unified management, closing loopholes in off-budget revenue and spending.)

피해야 할 표현

• 这顿饭超出我的预算了 — not wrong, and this is actually common in casual speech; however, in very informal contexts 超出我的预算 can sound slightly formal; 我钱带少了 (I didn't bring enough money) or 有点贵 (a bit expensive) are more natural alternatives for everyday dining

기원과 역사

预 (in advance) + 算 (to calculate — 竹bamboo + 目eye + 廾two hands, counting with bamboo sticks on an abacus). Together: to calculate in advance.

문화적 배경

세대: All ages

사회적 배경: Universal