こ Japanese Grammar Intermediate

Kana こ

1. ～ことで ことで A compound particle that indicates either the means by which something is achieved or the cause/reason for a result. It translates as 'by...
2. ～ことによる / ことによって ことによる A phrase used to formally present an event or action as the cause of something. Translates as 'due to the fact that' or 'caused by.'
3. ～こそ こそ An emphatic particle that strongly emphasizes a specific word, phrase, or clause, conveying the idea of 'precisely,' 'exactly,' or 'it is...
4. ～ことはない ことはない An expression meaning 'there is no need to' or 'you don't have to.' It is used to reassure someone that a particular action is unnecessary.
5. ～こと こと An auxiliary noun used at the end of a sentence to express a command, instruction, or rule. It functions as a written directive commonly ...
6. この (temporal) この A demonstrative adjective that, when combined with time-related nouns, indicates a period around the present moment — 'these days,' 'this...
7. こうした (this kind of) こうした A demonstrative adjective meaning 'this kind of' or 'such,' used to refer back to something already mentioned or exemplified in the conve...
8. ～ことになる (it turns out that) ことになる A phrase indicating that an action or event leads to a certain situation or outcome, often implying that the result was decided by extern...