な Japanese Grammar Basic

Kana な

1. な (negative imperative) な A sentence-final particle that forms a negative command, telling someone not to do something. It is used exclusively in very informal mal...
2. ～なくなる (no longer) なくなる A construction expressing that a state or action has ceased to occur or is no longer the case. It indicates a change to a situation where...
3. ～なら (conditional) なら Indicates that the preceding sentence is the speaker's supposition based on what has been heard or assumed. It is used to give advice, op...
4. ～なければならない (must) なければならない Expresses obligation or necessity, indicating that someone must take an action or that something is required. It literally means 'if one ...
5. ～なさい (do ~) なさい A polite but firm imperative used by superiors such as parents or teachers to give instructions to those of lower status. It is softer th...
6. ～なくて (not... and so) なくて The て-form of the negative auxiliary ない, used to indicate a cause or reason for a resulting state or emotion. It expresses that something...
7. ～ないで (without doing) ないで The negative て-form of a verb meaning 'without doing' something. It indicates that an action is performed while another action is left un...
8. ～ながら (while doing) ながら A conjunction that indicates two actions performed simultaneously by the same subject. The action in the ながら clause is secondary to the m...
9. ～など (such as ~, things like ~) など A particle that presents one or more items as examples from a larger set, implying that the list is not exhaustive. It translates as 'suc...