Abstract Concepts

概要

この章では「Abstract Concepts」というテーマにまとまって出てくる基本語彙を学びます。単語をばらばらに覚えるのではなく、場面といっしょに定着させるための構成です。

このまとまりを身につけると、その話題について話すときの語彙が増え、読むときも聞くときも反応しやすくなります。

テーマ

この章のJLPT N3 Vocabulary (678)

1. 価値 かち Value; worth; merit. Used to describe the importance or usefulness of something.
2. 関連 かんれん Relation; connection; relevance. Describes how things are linked or associated with each other.
3. 対象 たいしょう Target; object of study or focus; subject of coverage or taxation.
4. 対策 たいさく Measure; countermeasure; strategy; preparation for dealing with a problem or challenge.
5. 方針 ほうしん Policy; course of action; plan; guiding principle.
6. 標準 ひょうじゅん Standard; criterion; norm; model against which things are measured.
7. 水準 すいじゅん Level; standard. Describes the degree or quality of something relative to a benchmark.
8. 段階 だんかい Stage; step; phase. Describes a point in a progression or process.
9. 手順 てじゅん Process; procedure; sequence of steps; protocol.
10. 仕組み しくみ Structure; mechanism; system; how something works.
11. 構造 こうぞう Structure; construction; framework; organizational pattern.
12. 役割 やくわり Role; part; duties assigned to someone within a group or system.
13. 立場 たちば Position; standpoint; situation one finds oneself in.
14. 地位 ちい Social position; status; standing within a group or society.
15. 身分 みぶん Social standing; status; position; rank in society.
16. 権限 けんげん Power; authority; jurisdiction; the right to make decisions or take action.
17. 原則 げんそく Principle; general rule; fundamental guideline.
18. 例外 れいがい Exception; something that does not follow the general rule.
19. 傾向 けいこう Tendency; trend; inclination toward a particular direction.
20. 特徴 とくちょう Feature; trait; characteristic; distinguishing quality.
21. 性質 せいしつ Nature; disposition; character; inherent quality of a person or thing.
22. 本質 ほんしつ Essence; true nature; substance; the fundamental reality of something.
23. 実態 じったい True state; actual condition; reality as it really is.
24. 現実 げんじつ Reality; actuality; the way things truly are as opposed to ideals or imagination.
25. 理想 りそう Ideal; the perfect or most desirable state of things.
26. 矛盾 むじゅん Contradiction; inconsistency. A situation where two things cannot both be true at the same time.
27. 葛藤 かっとう Conflict; inner struggle; discord. Describes psychological or interpersonal tension.
28. 妥協 だきょう Compromise; concession. The act of settling a disagreement by each side giving up something.
29. 調和 ちょうわ Harmony; balance; accord. A state where different elements work together pleasingly.
30. 定義 ていぎ Definition; the precise meaning or explanation of a word or concept.
31. 分類 ぶんるい Classification; categorization; sorting things into groups based on shared characteristics.
32. 区別 くべつ Distinction; differentiation; the act of telling things apart.
33. 比較 ひかく Comparison; the act of examining similarities and differences between things.
34. 対照 たいしょう Contrast; antithesis; comparison. Examining two things side by side to highlight their differences.
35. 作法 さほう Manners; etiquette; propriety. The proper way of conducting oneself in social situations.
36. 左右 さゆう Left and right; influence; control. Describes both physical directions and the power to affect outcomes.
37. 騒ぎ さわぎ Uproar; disturbance; commotion. A noisy or disorderly situation.
38. 酸素 さんそ Oxygen. The chemical element essential for breathing and combustion.
39. ジーンズ ジーンズ Jeans. Casual pants made of denim fabric.
40. ジェット機 ジェットき Jet plane; jet aircraft. An airplane powered by jet engines.
41. しかも しかも Moreover; furthermore; what is more. Used to add surprising or emphatic information to a previous statement.
42. 至急 しきゅう Urgent; pressing; immediately. Indicates something needs attention right away.
43. 事情 じじょう Circumstances; situation; reasons behind something. The background conditions that explain a state of affairs.
44. 詩人 しじん Poet. A person who writes poetry.
45. 思想 しそう Thought; ideology; philosophical ideas. A system of beliefs or way of thinking.
46. したがって したがって Therefore; consequently; accordingly. Used to state a logical conclusion based on preceding information.
47. 質 しつ Quality; nature; character. The inherent properties or standard of something.
48. 失業 しつぎょう Unemployment; job loss. The state of being without work.
49. 湿気 しっけ Moisture; humidity; dampness. The amount of water vapour in the air or on surfaces.
50. 実際 じっさい In fact; actually; in reality. Describes what is true as opposed to what is assumed or expected.
51. 実力 じつりょく Ability; real strength; true capability. Refers to one's actual competence or power.
52. 支店 してん Branch store; branch office. A secondary location of a business or organisation.
53. 自動 じどう Automatic; self-operating. Describes something that moves or functions on its own.
54. 児童 じどう Children; juveniles. A formal term for young children, especially in educational or legal contexts.
55. 芝居 しばい Play; drama; theatre performance. Also used figuratively to mean an act or pretence.
56. 姉妹 しまい Sisters. Refers to female siblings collectively.
57. しまった しまった Damn it!; Oh no! An exclamation of regret or frustration when something goes wrong.
58. 霜 しも Frost. The thin layer of ice crystals that forms on surfaces in cold weather.
59. 周囲 しゅうい Surroundings; circumference; environs. The area or people around something or someone.
60. 住宅 じゅうたく Residence; housing; dwelling. A formal term for a place where people live.
61. 集団 しゅうだん Group; mass; collective body. A number of people gathered together.
62. 主義 しゅぎ Doctrine; principle; -ism. A system of beliefs or ideological stance.
63. 出身 しゅっしん Origin; birthplace; come from. Indicates where someone is from or what school they attended.
64. 主婦 しゅふ Housewife; homemaker. A woman who manages the household.
65. 順 じゅん Order; turn; sequence. The arrangement or succession of things.
66. 瞬間 しゅんかん Moment; instant; split second. A very brief period of time.
67. 順番 じゅんばん Turn; order of things. One's place in a sequence or queue.
68. 小 しょう Small; little; minor. A prefix or standalone word indicating small size or scale.
69. 章 しょう Chapter; section. A division of a book or document. Also means a medal or badge.
70. 賞 しょう Prize; award; reward. Recognition given for achievement or excellence.
71. 乗客 じょうきゃく Passenger. A person travelling in a vehicle, plane, or ship.
72. 少女 しょうじょ Young girl; maiden. A girl roughly between childhood and young adulthood.
73. 少年 しょうねん Boy; youth; juvenile. A young male, typically between childhood and adolescence.
74. 女王 じょおう Queen. A female sovereign ruler or a woman who reigns.
75. 職 しょく Employment; occupation; job. One's professional position or line of work.
76. 食卓 しょくたく Dining table; dinner table. The table where meals are served and eaten.
77. 食品 しょくひん Foodstuff; food product. Refers to processed or packaged food items.
78. 食物 しょくもつ Food; foodstuff. A general term for things that are eaten.
79. 食欲 しょくよく Appetite; desire for food. The feeling of wanting to eat.
80. 食料 しょくりょう Food; food supplies. Materials used as food.
81. 食糧 しょくりょう Provisions; rations; food supplies. Food stored or distributed for sustenance.
82. 女子 じょし Woman; girl. A general term for females, especially in formal or categorical contexts.
83. 助手 じょしゅ Helper; assistant. A person who aids or supports someone in their work.
84. 書物 しょもつ Books; written works. A somewhat formal term for books or literature.
85. 女優 じょゆう Actress. A woman who performs in movies, television, or theatre.
86. 書類 しょるい Documents; official papers. Written materials used for formal or business purposes.
87. 知らせ しらせ Notice; notification; news. Information communicated to someone.
88. 尻 しり Buttocks; bottom; rear end. The back part of the body one sits on.
89. 知り合い しりあい Acquaintance. Someone you know but who is not a close friend.
90. 印 いん Mark; symbol; seal; sign. A visible indicator or stamp used for identification.
91. 城 しろ Castle. A fortified structure built for defence and residence, especially by feudal lords.
92. 神経 しんけい Nerve; sensitivity; nervousness. Both the physical nerve and emotional sensitivity.
93. 人種 じんしゅ Race; ethnic group. A classification of humans based on physical characteristics.
94. 人生 じんせい Human life; one's life from birth to death. The course and experiences of living.
95. 親戚 しんせき Relative; relation. Members of one's extended family.
96. 体 からだ Body; the physical body. The human body as a whole.
97. 身長 しんちょう Height; stature. A person's body height measured standing upright.
98. 人物 じんぶつ Person; character; figure. A person of note, or someone's character and personality.
99. 人類 じんるい Mankind; humanity; the human race. All human beings collectively.
100. 図 ず Figure; drawing; diagram; illustration. A visual representation of information.
101. スイッチ スイッチ A switch; a button or lever used to turn something on or off.
102. 睡眠 すいみん Sleep; slumber. A formal or scientific term for the state of sleeping.
103. 末 すえ The end of; the close of a period. Also means powder or fine particles.
104. 姿 すがた Figure; shape; appearance; form. The outward look or silhouette of a person or thing.
105. スキー スキー Ski; skiing. The sport of gliding on snow using long runners attached to boots.
106. 筋 すじ Muscle; sinew; line; thread; plot or storyline. A versatile word with many related senses.
107. スター スター Star; a famous or celebrated person, especially in entertainment.
108. スタイル スタイル Style; fashion sense; body shape or figure.
109. スタンド スタンド Stand; a desk lamp; a spectator area in a stadium; a gas station.
110. 頭痛 ずつう Headache; a pain in the head.
111. スピーチ スピーチ Speech; a formal address or talk given to an audience.
112. 全て すべて All; everything; the whole; entirely.
113. すみません すみません Sorry; excuse me; thank you (for your trouble). A versatile polite expression.
114. 税 ぜい Tax; a compulsory payment levied by the government.
115. 成人 せいじん Adult; a person who has reached the age of majority.
116. 青年 せいねん Youth; young man; young adult. Refers to a person in their late teens to twenties.
117. 生年月日 せいねんがっぴ Date of birth; the year, month, and day a person was born.
118. 生命 せいめい Life; living existence. The vital force that animates living beings.
119. 石炭 せきたん Coal; a combustible black rock used as fuel.
120. 石油 せきゆ Oil; petroleum; kerosene. Fossil fuel extracted from the earth.
121. 説 せつ Theory; hypothesis; opinion; explanation.
122. セット セット Set; a group of items sold or used together; to set or arrange.
123. 愛 あい Love; affection; a deep feeling of care and attachment.
124. 愛情 あいじょう Love; affection; tender feelings of caring for someone.
125. アイスクリーム アイスクリーム Ice cream; a frozen dessert made from cream, sugar, and flavourings.
126. アウト アウト Out; disqualified; eliminated. Used in sports, games, and colloquially to mean something is unacceptable.
127. 空き あき Vacancy; opening; empty space. Refers to an unoccupied slot, room, or gap.
128. 悪魔 あくま Devil; demon; evil spirit. A supernatural being associated with wickedness and temptation.
129. 汗 あせ Sweat; perspiration. The moisture produced by the body during physical exertion or heat.
130. 集まり あつまり Gathering; meeting; assembly. A group of people who come together for a purpose.
131. 穴 あな Hole; opening; gap. A hollow space or opening in a surface.
132. 油 あぶら Oil; cooking oil; petroleum. Liquid fat used for cooking, lubrication, or fuel.
133. 脂 あぶら Fat; grease; animal fat. The solid or semi-solid fat found in meat and on the body.
134. 誤り あやまり Error; mistake; inaccuracy. A wrong action or incorrect result.
135. 嵐 あらし Storm; tempest. A violent weather event with strong wind and rain.
136. あらゆる あらゆる All; every; all kinds of. Emphasises the totality or completeness of something.
137. 現れ あらわれ Expression; indication; manifestation. A sign or outward display of something internal.
138. あるいは あるいは Or; alternatively; perhaps. A conjunction presenting another possibility.
139. アルバム アルバム Album; a book or collection for storing photos, stamps, or music recordings.
140. 泡 あわ Bubble; foam; froth. A thin sphere of liquid filled with air.
141. 哀れ あわれ Pity; pathos; wretchedness. A feeling of compassion or sorrow for something pitiable.
142. 案 あん Plan; proposal; idea; scheme. A thought-out suggestion for a course of action.
143. 余り あまり Remainder; surplus; not very; not much. Expresses excess or, with negation, insufficiency.
144. 委員 いいん Committee member; commissioner. A person appointed to serve on a committee.
145. 行き いき Going; bound for; outward journey. The act or direction of travel to a destination.
146. 息 いき Breath; respiration. The air taken in and expelled from the lungs.
147. 勢い いきおい Force; vigour; momentum; energy. The power or intensity behind an action or movement.
148. 生き物 いきもの Living thing; creature; organism. Any being that is alive.
149. 医師 いし Doctor; physician. A licensed medical professional who diagnoses and treats illness.
150. 意思 いし Intention; purpose; will. A person's conscious desire or determination to do something.
151. 意志 いし Will; volition; determination. The mental strength to carry out one's decisions.
152. 泉 いずみ Spring; fountain. A place where water wells up naturally from the ground.
153. いずれ いずれ Which; where; who. Also means eventually, sooner or later, or in any case.
154. 以前 いぜん Before; previously; in the past. Also used as a suffix meaning before a point in time.
155. 板 いた Board; plank; plate. A flat piece of wood, metal, or other material.
156. 一家 いっか Family; household; clan. A whole family or household living together.
157. 一種 いっしゅ A kind; a type; a variety. One species or category of something.
158. 一方 いっぽう On the other hand; meanwhile; one side. Used to contrast two things or indicate a continuing trend.
159. いとこ いとこ Cousin (male). A child of one's uncle or aunt, specifically a male cousin.
160. いとこ いとこ Cousin (female). A child of one's uncle or aunt, specifically a female cousin.
161. 稲 いね Rice plant. The plant that produces rice, grown in paddies across Japan.
162. 命 いのち Life; lifespan. The fundamental existence of a living being.
163. 衣服 いふく Clothes; clothing; garments. A formal term for what people wear.
164. 以来 いらい Since; from that time on; ever since. Indicates a starting point that continues to the present.
165. いらっしゃい いらっしゃい Welcome; come in. A greeting used to welcome someone arriving at a place.
166. 岩 いわ Rock; boulder; crag. A large, solid mass of stone found in nature.
167. 祝い いわい Celebration; congratulation; festivity. An event or gift marking a happy occasion.
168. いわゆる いわゆる So-called; what is known as. Used to introduce a commonly known term or concept.
169. インク インク Ink. A liquid or paste used for writing, printing, or drawing.
170. ウイスキー ウイスキー Whiskey. A distilled alcoholic beverage made from fermented grain.
171. うがい うがい Gargling. The act of rinsing one's throat with water or mouthwash.
172. うさぎ うさぎ Rabbit; hare. A small, long-eared mammal known for hopping.
173. 牛 うし Cow; cattle; bull. A large domesticated animal raised for meat, milk, and labour.
174. 宇宙 うちゅう Universe; cosmos; outer space. The vast expanse beyond Earth's atmosphere.
175. 馬 うま Horse. A large four-legged animal historically used for transport and agriculture; also a promoted bishop piece in shogi.
176. 生まれ うまれ Birth; birthplace. Refers to where or when someone was born, or the circumstances of one's birth.
177. 有無 うむ Presence or absence; yes or no; existence or non-existence.
178. 梅 うめ Plum; Japanese apricot. Also refers to the lowest tier in a three-level ranking system (松竹梅).
179. 衛星 えいせい Satellite. Refers to both natural satellites (moons) and artificial satellites orbiting a planet.
180. 笑顔 えがお Smiling face; smile. A warm expression showing happiness or friendliness.
181. 餌 えさ Feed; bait; food given to animals. Also used figuratively as a lure or enticement.
182. 得る うる To get; to gain; to obtain; to win. Also used as a suffix meaning 'can' or 'possible.'
183. エンジン えんじん Engine. A machine that converts energy into mechanical force, used in vehicles and machinery.
184. 老い おい Old age; aging. Refers to the process or state of growing old.
185. 王様 おうさま King. The ruler of a kingdom; used in fairy tales, games, and respectful references to royalty.
186. 大家 おおや Landlord; property owner who rents out housing to tenants.
187. 丘 おか Hill; elevated ground. A natural rise in the landscape smaller than a mountain.
188. 男の人 おとこのひと Man; male person. A polite and neutral way to refer to an adult male.
189. 帯 おび Belt; sash; band. A wide cloth sash worn around the waist with traditional Japanese clothing.
190. お昼 おひる Lunch; noon; midday. A polite way to refer to the midday meal or time.
191. オフィス おふぃす Office. A place of work, typically a professional workspace or business location.
192. お前 おまえ You (informal, singular). A familiar or rough second-person pronoun; also historically a respectful form.
193. おめでとう おめでとう Congratulations! An expression used to celebrate happy occasions and achievements.
194. 思い出 おもいで Memories; recollections; reminiscences. Cherished experiences from the past.
195. 泳ぎ およぎ Swimming. The act or skill of swimming.
196. 可 か Passable; acceptable; permitted. The lowest passing grade in Japanese academic grading.
197. 蚊 か Mosquito. A small flying insect that bites and sucks blood, common in summer.
198. カー かー Car. A motor vehicle for personal transportation.
199. カード かーど Card. A flat, usually rectangular piece of material used for identification, payment, or games.
200. 害 がい Harm; damage; injury. Negative effects or adverse influence on something.
201. 会員 かいいん Member; a person who belongs to an organization, club, or service.
202. 海外 かいがい Overseas; abroad; foreign countries. Refers to places beyond Japan.
203. 外交 がいこう Diplomacy; foreign affairs. The management of international relations between countries.
204. 香り かおり Aroma; fragrance; pleasant scent. A refined term for describing good smells.
205. 画家 がか Painter; artist who creates paintings. A professional or dedicated visual artist.
206. 価格 かかく Price; cost; the monetary value assigned to a product or service.
207. 係 かかり Person in charge; attendant; the one responsible for a specific duty.
208. 学 がく Learning; knowledge; scholarship. Academic study or the pursuit of knowledge.
209. 額 がく Amount (of money); frame (for a picture). Also refers to the forehead.
210. 影 かげ Shadow; silhouette; reflection. The dark shape cast by an object blocking light.
211. 陰 かげ Shade; shadow; the hidden or unseen side of something.
212. 加減 かげん Adjustment; degree; moderation. Also means addition and subtraction.
213. 籠 かご Basket; cage. A woven container or an enclosure for animals.
214. 火災 かさい Fire disaster; conflagration. A destructive fire, especially one affecting buildings.
215. 飾り かざり Decoration; ornament. Something used to make a place or object more attractive.
216. 貸し かし Lending; loan; something lent. The act of letting someone borrow something.
217. 菓子 かし Confectionery; sweets; snacks. A general term for sweet treats and snack foods.
218. 歌手 かしゅ Singer; vocalist. A person who sings professionally or as a career.
219. 方々 かたがた People; persons. A polite plural form used to refer respectfully to a group of people.
220. 刀 かたな Sword; katana; a Japanese single-edged blade weapon.
221. 勝ち かち Win; victory. The state or result of winning a competition or contest.
222. 活気 かっき Vigor; liveliness; vitality; energy. A lively, bustling atmosphere.
223. 金 かね Money; gold; metal. The most common everyday word for money in Japanese.
224. 鐘 かね Bell; chime. A large bell, especially those found at temples and churches.
225. 雷 かみなり Thunder; lightning. The sound and flash produced by an electrical storm.
226. 髪の毛 かみのけ Hair (on the head). Refers specifically to the strands of hair growing from the scalp.
227. 科目 かもく School subject; curriculum course. A specific area of study within an educational program.
228. かも知れない かもしれない Maybe; perhaps; might be. Expresses uncertainty or possibility about something.
229. 柄 がら Pattern; design; build; character. Refers to decorative patterns on fabric or a person's nature and physique.
230. 缶 かん Can; tin. A sealed metal container used for storing food, beverages, or other goods.
231. 勘 かん Intuition; perception; the sixth sense. An innate ability to sense or judge things without logical reasoning.
232. 考え かんがえ Thinking; thought; idea; opinion. A person's mental conclusion or viewpoint on a matter.
233. 間隔 かんかく Space; interval; gap. The distance or time between two points or events.
234. 観客 かんきゃく Audience; spectator(s). People who watch a performance, game, or event.
235. 患者 かんじゃ Patient. A person receiving medical treatment or care.
236. 関心 かんしん Concern; interest. A feeling of curiosity or attention directed toward something.
237. 感想 かんそう Impressions; thoughts; feelings about something experienced. One's personal reaction or review.
238. 議会 ぎかい Diet; congress; parliament. A legislative assembly or governing body that makes laws.
239. 岸 きし Bank; coast; shore. The land alongside a body of water such as a river, lake, or sea.
240. 技師 ぎし Engineer; technician. A person with specialized technical skills in a professional field.
241. 気体 きたい Gas; vapor. One of the three states of matter, where molecules move freely.
242. 議長 ぎちょう Chairman; chairperson; speaker (of an assembly). The person who presides over meetings or legislative sessions.
243. 決まり きまり Rule; regulation; settlement; conclusion. An established standard or agreed-upon decision.
244. キャプテン キャプテン Captain. The leader of a team, especially in sports.
245. 教科書 きょうかしょ Textbook. A book used as a standard work for the study of a school subject.
246. 行儀 ぎょうぎ Manners; behavior; deportment. The way a person conducts themselves in social situations.
247. 局 きょく Office; bureau; station. An organizational unit or broadcasting station.
248. 切れ きれ Piece; slice; cut cloth; sharpness. A portion cut from something larger.
249. 銀 ぎん Silver. The precious metal, or things having a silver color or quality.
250. 金額 きんがく Amount of money; sum; monetary value. Refers to a specific quantity of money.
251. 金庫 きんこ Safe; vault; strongbox. A secure container or room for storing valuables.
252. 金銭 きんせん Money; cash; monetary matters. A somewhat formal word for money in general.
253. 金属 きんぞく Metal. A general term for metallic elements and materials.
254. 金融 きんゆう Finance; money and banking; financial services. The system of managing and circulating money.
255. 鎖 くさり Chain. A series of connected links, used both literally and figuratively.
256. 管 かん Pipe; tube. A hollow cylindrical structure for conveying fluids or air.
257. 具体 ぐたい Concrete; tangible; specific. The opposite of abstract or vague.
258. 下り くだり Down-train; outbound train going away from Tokyo. Also means descent or downhill.
259. 苦痛 くつう Pain; agony; suffering. Intense physical or mental distress.
260. 組 くみ Class; team; group; set. A unit of people or things grouped together.
261. 組合 くみあい Association; union; cooperative. An organized group formed for a shared purpose.
262. クラシック クラシック Classic; classical music; classics. Something traditional, timeless, or of enduring quality.
263. グラス グラス Glass (drinking vessel); also grass in some contexts. Most commonly refers to a drinking glass.
264. クリーム クリーム Cream. Refers to dairy cream, cosmetic cream, or cream-colored items.
265. クリスマス クリスマス Christmas. The annual holiday celebrated on December 25th.
266. グループ グループ Group. A collection of people or things with something in common.
267. 訓 くん Kun-reading; the native Japanese reading of a Chinese character. Also means instruction or precept.
268. 軍 ぐん Army; military force; troops. An organized body of armed personnel.
269. 郡 ぐん County; district. An administrative subdivision between prefecture and municipality.
270. 軍隊 ぐんたい Army; troops; military forces. An organized body of soldiers.
271. 敬意 けいい Respect; reverence; esteem. A feeling of deep admiration for someone.
272. 刑事 けいじ Criminal case; detective. Refers to criminal law matters or a police detective.
273. ケース ケース Case. A container, instance, or situation.
274. 劇 げき Drama; play; theatrical performance. A story performed on stage.
275. 劇場 げきじょう Theater; playhouse. A building or venue where plays, concerts, and performances are held.
276. 血液 けつえき Blood. The red fluid circulating through the body via the cardiovascular system.
277. 欠陥 けっかん Defect; fault; flaw. A serious shortcoming or imperfection in something.
278. 欠点 けってん Fault; defect; weakness. A shortcoming or weak point in a person or thing.
279. 煙 けむり Smoke; fumes. Visible vapor rising from something burning or heated.
280. 券 けん Ticket; certificate; coupon. A slip of paper granting entry or validating a transaction.
281. 県 けん Prefecture. An administrative division of Japan, similar to a state or province.
282. 見解 けんかい Opinion; point of view; interpretation. A considered viewpoint on a matter.
283. 現金 げんきん Cash; ready money. Physical currency as opposed to digital or credit payments.
284. 言語 げんご Language. A system of communication used by a particular group of people.
285. 現象 げんしょう Phenomenon. An observable event or occurrence, especially one whose cause is in question.
286. 現状 げんじょう Present condition; current situation; status quo. The way things stand right now.
287. 見当 けんとう Estimate; guess; rough idea. An approximate judgment about something uncertain.
288. 現場 げんば Actual spot; scene; site; field. The place where something happens or work is done.
289. 恋 こい Love; romantic love; tender passion. A deep feeling of romantic attraction toward someone.
290. 航空 こうくう Aviation; flying; air travel. The operation and navigation of aircraft.
291. 光景 こうけい Scene; spectacle; sight. A view or situation that makes a strong visual impression.
292. 校舎 こうしゃ School building. The main physical structure of a school where classes are held.
293. 後者 こうしゃ The latter. The second of two things previously mentioned.
294. 強盗 ごうとう Robbery; burglary; robber. The act of stealing by force, or the person who commits it.
295. 候補 こうほ Candidacy; candidate; nominee. A person or thing being considered for selection.
296. コード コード Code; cord; chord. A loanword with multiple meanings depending on context.
297. 氷 こおり Ice. Frozen water, or ice used in drinks and food.
298. 故郷 ふるさと Hometown; birthplace; native place. The place where one was born or grew up.
299. 国語 こくご National language; Japanese language (as a school subject). The language of a country.
300. 国籍 こくせき Nationality; citizenship. The status of belonging to a particular nation.
301. 穀物 こくもつ Grain; cereal; corn. Edible seeds of cultivated grasses and crops.
302. 腰 こし Hip; waist; lower back. The area of the body between the ribs and the legs.
303. 個人 こじん Individual; private person. A single person as distinct from a group or organization.
304. 国家 こっか State; country; nation. A politically organized body of people under a government.
305. 国境 こっきょう National border; state boundary. The line separating one country from another.
306. 小包 こづつみ Parcel; package; small wrapped bundle. A wrapped item sent by post or delivery.
307. ことわざ ことわざ Proverb; saying; adage. A short, well-known expression of practical wisdom.
308. 粉 こな Flour; powder. Fine particles of a ground or processed substance.
309. 好み このみ Liking; taste; preference. One's personal inclination or choice.
310. 小麦 こむぎ Wheat. A cereal grain used as a staple food crop worldwide.
311. 小屋 こや Hut; cabin; shed. A small, simple building or shelter.
312. これら これら These; these ones. The plural form of これ (this), referring to multiple items nearby.
313. 差 さ Difference; gap; variation. The extent to which things are not the same.
314. 際 さい On the occasion of; at the time of; circumstances. Used to mark a specific timing or situation.
315. 最終 さいしゅう Last; final; closing. The very end of a series or sequence.
316. 最中 さいちゅう In the middle of; in the midst of. Right in the process of doing something.
317. 才能 さいのう Talent; ability; gift. A natural aptitude or skill in a particular area.
318. 境 さかい Border; boundary; dividing line. The point where one area or state ends and another begins.
319. 盛り さかり Helping; serving; peak; prime. A portion of food, or the height of a period or condition.
320. 昨 さく Last; previous; yesterday. A prefix attached to time words to indicate the immediately preceding period.
321. 作物 さくもつ Produce; crops; agricultural products. Plants cultivated for food or commercial purposes.
322. 桜 さくら Cherry blossom; cherry tree. Japan's most iconic flowering tree and cultural symbol.
323. 酒 さけ Alcohol; sake; alcoholic beverage. General term for alcoholic drinks, or specifically Japanese rice wine.
324. 座席 ざせき Seat; seating. A designated place for sitting, especially in vehicles, theaters, or events.
325. さて さて Well; now; so then. A conjunction used to shift to a new or more important topic.
326. ママ まま Mama; mom; mother. An informal, affectionate term for one's mother.
327. 豆 まめ Beans; peas; legumes. A general term for various types of beans and pulses.
328. 丸 まる Circle; round shape; full (as in a complete month or day). Also used as the circle mark for 'correct.'
329. 万一 まんいち By some chance; if by any chance; in the unlikely event. Expresses a low-probability scenario.
330. 実 み Fruit; seed; nut. Also means a good result or substance.
331. 見送り みおくり Seeing someone off; sending off. The act of accompanying someone to their point of departure.
332. 味方 みかた Ally; supporter; person on one's side. Someone who supports or sides with you.
333. 見舞い みまい Visiting someone who is ill or in difficulty; expression of sympathy or concern.
334. 土産 みやげ Souvenir; gift brought back from a trip. A present purchased while traveling.
335. 魅力 みりょく Charm; fascination; appeal; attractiveness. The quality of being captivating.
336. ミルク みるく Milk. Refers to cow's milk or milk-based products, especially in Western-style contexts.
337. 無 む Nothing; nothingness; naught; zero. The state of non-existence or absence.
338. 向かい むかい Facing; opposite side; across from. The position directly across from something.
339. 迎え むかえ Meeting; greeting; welcoming. A person or act of picking someone up at a designated place.
340. 虫歯 むしば Cavity; tooth decay; decayed tooth. A dental condition caused by bacteria.
341. 胸 むね Chest; breast; heart (figurative). The front of the torso or one's inner feelings.
342. 無料 むりょう Free; no charge; complimentary. Without cost or payment.
343. 名詞 めいし Noun. A grammatical term for a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea.
344. 名人 めいじん Master; expert; virtuoso. A person who has achieved exceptional skill in a field.
345. 飯 めし Meal; food; cooked rice. A casual, masculine term for eating or meals.
346. 面 めん Face; surface; side; aspect. A multi-meaning word for surfaces, faces, and facets.
347. 綿 めん Cotton. The natural fiber used in textiles and clothing.
348. メンバー めんばー Member. A person belonging to a group, team, or organization.
349. 物音 ものおと Sounds; noises. Sounds made by objects or movements, often unexpected.
350. 物語 ものがたり Tale; story; legend. A narrative or account of events, real or fictional.
351. 物事 ものごと Things; matters; everything. A general term for things and affairs.
352. 模様 もよう Pattern; design; figure. A decorative design or the state of affairs.
353. 宿 やど Inn; lodging; accommodation. A place to stay overnight, especially a traditional Japanese inn.
354. 友情 ゆうじょう Friendship; fellowship; bonds between friends.
355. 友人 ゆうじん Friend. A formal word for friend, used in writing and polite speech.
356. 郵便 ゆうびん Mail; postal service. The system of sending and delivering letters and packages.
357. ユーモア ゆーもあ Humor; wit; a sense of fun. The quality of being amusing or comical.
358. 夜明け よあけ Dawn; daybreak. The time when night ends and morning light begins.
359. 容器 ようき Container; vessel; receptacle. An object designed to hold or store something.
360. 様子 ようす State; condition; appearance; situation. How something or someone looks or seems.
361. 要素 ようそ Element; factor; component. A fundamental part that makes up a whole.
362. 要点 ようてん Main point; gist; key point. The most important part of an argument or explanation.
363. 曜日 ようび Day of the week. The name of a specific day within the seven-day week.
364. ヨーロッパ よーろっぱ Europe. The continent west of Asia, known for its diverse cultures and long history.
365. ヨット よっと Yacht; sailboat. A boat propelled by sails, used for leisure or racing.
366. 読み よみ Reading; pronunciation; interpretation. The act or way of reading something.
367. より より From; than; more. A particle indicating comparison, origin, or emphasis.
368. 喜び よろこび Joy; pleasure; delight. A feeling of great happiness or satisfaction.
369. よろしく よろしく Best regards; pleased to meet you; please take care of it. A multipurpose expression of goodwill.
370. 来 らい Next; coming. A prefix indicating the next occurrence of a time period.
371. ライター らいたー Lighter; writer. A fire-starting device, or a person who writes professionally.
372. ラケット らけっと Racket; racquet. Sports equipment used to hit a ball or shuttlecock.
373. 率 りつ Rate; ratio; percentage. A numerical proportion or measurement.
374. 量 りょう Quantity; amount; volume. The measure of how much of something there is.
375. 寮 りょう Dormitory; hostel; residential hall. A shared living facility, typically for students or employees.
376. 料金 りょうきん Fee; charge; fare; rate. The cost for a service or usage.
377. 列 れつ Line; queue; row. A sequence of people or things arranged in order.
378. 列車 れっしゃ Train; railway train. A general term for trains, often used in formal or written contexts.
379. レベル レベル Level; standard; grade. Used for skill levels, difficulty, and quality standards.
380. 老人 ろうじん Elderly person; old person; senior citizen.
381. ロケット ロケット Rocket; locket. A spacecraft propulsion vehicle, or a small pendant that opens to hold a photo.
382. 輪 わ Ring; circle; hoop; loop. A round shape or circular object.
383. ワイン ワイン Wine. An alcoholic beverage made from fermented grapes.
384. 脇 わき Side; armpit; flank. The area beside something or the underarm area.
385. 話題 わだい Topic; subject of conversation. Something being talked about or discussed.
386. 笑い わらい Laughter; laugh; smile. The act or sound of laughing.
387. 悪口 わるぐち Insult; slander; bad-mouthing; abusive language.
388. 我々 われわれ We; us. A formal first-person plural pronoun.
389. 悪 あく Evil; vice; wickedness. The concept of moral wrongness or malice.
390. 当たり あたり Hit; success; winning; being right. A correct guess or fortunate outcome.
391. アンケート アンケート Questionnaire; survey. A set of questions used to gather opinions or data.
392. 医院 いいん Clinic; doctor's office; small medical practice.
393. 怒り いかり Anger; rage; fury. The emotion of being angered.
394. 意地 いじ Stubbornness; willpower; pride; disposition. A strong-willed or obstinate nature.
395. 一帯 いったい A whole area; an entire region; the surrounding district.
396. 衣料 いりょう Clothing; garments; apparel. Textile goods worn on the body.
397. 渦 うず Whirlpool; swirl; vortex. A spinning circular movement in water or air.
398. 尾 お Tail; end; ridge. The tail of an animal, or the trailing end of something.
399. 遅れ おくれ Delay; lag; falling behind. The state of being late or behind schedule.
400. 教え おしえ Teachings; doctrine; lesson. Wisdom or instructions passed down from a teacher, religion, or tradition.
401. 驚き おどろき Surprise; astonishment; wonder. A feeling of being startled or amazed.
402. 片付け かたづけ Tidying up; cleaning up; finishing off. The act of putting things in order or completing a task.
403. 借り かり Borrowing; debt; loan; obligation. Something owed to another person.
404. 狩り かり Hunting; gathering; harvest-picking. The activity of pursuing and catching animals or gathering.
405. 観 かん View; outlook; sense; way of seeing. A perspective or philosophical stance on something.
406. 癌 がん Cancer; malignant tumour. A serious medical condition involving uncontrolled cell growth.
407. 歓声 かんせい Cheer; shout of joy; excited cry. A loud, enthusiastic vocal expression of delight or excitement.
408. 官僚 かんりょう Bureaucrat; government official; bureaucracy. A person who works in government administration.
409. きのこ きのこ Mushroom; fungus. An edible or wild fungal growth found in forests and used widely in cooking.
410. 群 ぐん Group; crowd; flock; cluster. A collection of similar things gathered together.
411. 経緯 けいい Sequence of events; course of developments; circumstances. The full background and progression of a situation.
412. 計器 けいき Meter; gauge; measuring instrument. A device used to measure and display physical quantities.
413. 契機 けいき Opportunity; turning point; catalyst. A moment or event that triggers change or development.
414. 形態 けいたい Form; shape; figure; mode. The outward appearance or structural form of something.
415. 血管 けっかん Blood vessel; vein; artery. Tubular structures that carry blood throughout the body.
416. 件 けん Matter; case; affair; item. A topic, incident, or matter under discussion.
417. 語句 ごく Words and phrases; vocabulary; terms. A collective term for words and expressions.
418. 故人 こじん The deceased; the late. A respectful term for someone who has passed away.
419. 小銭 こぜに Coins; small change; loose change. Small-denomination money, typically coins.
420. 事によると ことによると Perhaps; possibly; depending on circumstances. An expression indicating something might happen.
421. コンテスト コンテスト Contest; competition. An organised event where people compete for prizes or recognition.
422. 作 さく A work; a production; a harvest; a crop. A creative piece or agricultural yield.
423. 策 さく Plan; policy; scheme; measure. A deliberate course of action or strategy.
424. 善 ぜん Good; virtue; goodness. The moral concept of what is right and just.
425. 全 ぜん All; whole; entire. A prefix indicating completeness or totality.
426. 全国 ぜんこく The entire nation; country-wide; nationwide. Refers to the whole country without exception.
427. 洗剤 せんざい Detergent; cleaning agent. A chemical product used for washing and cleaning.
428. 前者 ぜんしゃ The former; the first-mentioned. Used when comparing two things to refer back to the first one.
429. 全身 ぜんしん The whole body; full-length. Refers to the entire body from head to toe.
430. 象 ぞう Elephant. The large land mammal known for its trunk, tusks, and intelligence.
431. 騒音 そうおん Noise; din; racket. Unwanted or unpleasant sound, especially in an environmental context.
432. そこで そこで So; accordingly; therefore; thereupon. A conjunction introducing an action taken in response to a situation.
433. そして そして And then; and; after that. A conjunction connecting sequential events or adding information.
434. 袖 そで Sleeve. The part of a garment that covers or partially covers the arm.
435. ソファ ソファ Sofa; couch. An upholstered seat for multiple people.
436. それでも それでも But still; and yet; nevertheless; even so. A conjunction expressing persistence despite a contrary situation.
437. それと それと And; also; in addition. A casual conjunction for adding items or information.
438. それとも それとも Or; or else. A conjunction presenting an alternative choice between two options.
439. 田 た Rice field; paddy. A flooded field used for growing rice.
440. 他 ほか Other; another; elsewhere. Refers to things, places, or people apart from the current subject.
441. 対 たい Pair; couple; set; versus. Used for matched pairs or to indicate opposition.
442. 体育 たいいく Physical education; gymnastics; athletics. The school subject and broader concept of physical training.
443. 大気 たいき Atmosphere; the air surrounding the earth. The gaseous envelope of a celestial body.
444. 代金 だいきん Price; cost; payment; charge. The money paid for goods or services.
445. 大使 たいし Ambassador. A diplomatic representative of the highest rank sent to a foreign country.
446. 大戦 たいせん Great war; great battle; world war. A large-scale military conflict.
447. 大半 たいはん Most of; majority; greater part. More than half of a given quantity or group.
448. タイプライター たいぷらいたー Typewriter; a mechanical or electronic device for writing text on paper.
449. 題名 だいめい Title; the name of a book, film, song, or other creative work.
450. だが だが But; however; nevertheless. A conjunction expressing contrast or opposition.
451. 互い たがい Mutual; each other; reciprocal. Expresses a two-way relationship.
452. 宝 たから Treasure; something precious and highly valued.
453. 宅 たく House; home; residence. Often used as a suffix or in formal reference to someone's home.
454. だけど だけど However; but; though. A casual conjunction expressing contrast.
455. ただ ただ Free of charge; mere; only; just. A versatile word with several related meanings.
456. 戦い たたかい Battle; fight; combat; struggle. A contest between opposing forces.
457. だって だって But; because; even; after all. A casual conjunction with multiple uses.
458. たとえ たとえ Even if; no matter; though. An adverb introducing hypothetical concessions.
459. 谷 たに Valley; gorge; ravine. A low area of land between hills or mountains.
460. 他人 たにん Stranger; unrelated person; others. Someone who is not family or a close acquaintance.
461. 束 たば Bunch; bundle; sheaf. A group of items tied or gathered together.
462. 玉 たま Ball; sphere; bead; coin; bullet. A round object of various kinds.
463. 球 きゅう Globe; sphere; ball. A perfectly round three-dimensional shape.
464. 試し ためし Trial; test; attempt. The act of trying something to see the result.
465. 段 だん Step; stair; grade; rank; level. A unit of progression or measurement.
466. 単語 たんご Word; vocabulary term. An individual unit of language.
467. 男子 だんし Young man; boy; male. A formal or categorical term for males.
468. 単なる たんなる Mere; simple; sheer; nothing more than.
469. チーズ チーズ Cheese. A loanword from English used for all types of cheese.
470. チーム チーム Team. A group of people working or playing together.
471. 知恵 ちえ Wisdom; wit; intelligence. The practical ability to apply knowledge or find solutions.
472. 地下 ちか Basement; underground. The area below ground level.
473. 地区 ちく District; section; area. A defined zone within a larger region.
474. 父親 ちちおや Father. A formal or objective term for one's father or a father in general.
475. 知能 ちのう Intelligence; brains; cognitive ability. The capacity to think, learn, and understand.
476. 地平線 ちへいせん Horizon. The line where the earth and sky appear to meet.
477. 地方 ちほう Region; area; locality. An area outside major cities, or a general geographic region.
478. 茶 ちゃ Tea. The beverage made from tea leaves, or the plant itself.
479. チャンス チャンス Chance; opportunity. A favourable moment or possibility.
480. 中央 ちゅうおう Centre; central; middle. The midpoint or core of something.
481. 中学 ちゅうがく Middle school; junior high school. The three-year school stage between elementary and high school.
482. 中古 ちゅうこ Used; second-hand. Previously owned goods, not brand new.
483. 昼食 ちゅうしょく Lunch. The midday meal, equivalent to the casual 昼ご飯.
484. 中心 ちゅうしん Centre; core; heart. The central point or main focus of something.
485. 調子 ちょうし Condition; state; tune; tone. How something or someone is functioning or performing.
486. 頂上 ちょうじょう Summit; peak; top. The highest point of a mountain or figuratively of achievement.
487. 著者 ちょしゃ Author; writer. The person who wrote a book or article.
488. 通貨 つうか Currency. The money system used in a country or region.
489. 疲れ つかれ Tiredness; fatigue. The state of being physically or mentally worn out.
490. 続き つづき Continuation; sequel; the rest. What comes next in a series or story.
491. 包み つつみ Bundle; package; parcel. Something wrapped up or bundled together.
492. 勤め つとめ Work; employment; service. One's job or place of employment.
493. 翼 つばさ Wings; the wings of a bird, insect, or aircraft.
494. 梅雨 つゆ Rainy season; the annual period of heavy rainfall in early summer in Japan.
495. 釣り つり Fishing; the activity of catching fish, typically as a hobby or sport.
496. 出 で Outflow; coming out; exit. Also used as a suffix meaning a graduate or native of a place.
497. 出会い であい Encounter; meeting; a chance meeting with someone or something new.
498. 敵 てき Enemy; rival; opponent. Someone who opposes or competes against you.
499. 出来事 できごと Event; incident; happening. Something that occurs or takes place.
500. 出来れば できれば If possible; if one can. Used to express a wish or polite request.
501. 手品 てじな Magic trick; conjuring trick; sleight of hand.
502. ですから ですから Therefore; that is why; so. A polite conjunction used to state a reason or conclusion.
503. 鉄 てつ Iron; the metallic element. Also used figuratively to mean something strong or unwavering.
504. 哲学 てつがく Philosophy; the study of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, and values.
505. 鉄道 てつどう Railway; railroad. A system of train transportation using tracks.
506. デモ デモ Demonstration; a public protest march or rally. Also short for a product demo.
507. 典型 てんけい Type; pattern; archetype. A typical example or representative model of something.
508. 天候 てんこう Weather; atmospheric conditions. A somewhat formal term for weather.
509. テント テント Tent; a portable shelter made of fabric supported by poles.
510. 問い とい Question; query; inquiry. A somewhat formal word for a question.
511. 答案 とうあん Examination paper; answer sheet. The paper on which test answers are written.
512. 銅貨 どうか Copper coin; a coin made of copper or bronze.
513. 動詞 どうし Verb; a word that describes an action, state, or occurrence.
514. どうぞ宜しく どうぞよろしく Pleased to meet you; I look forward to your favour. A polite self-introduction phrase.
515. 道徳 どうとく Morals; ethics; morality. Principles of right and wrong behaviour.
516. 東洋 とうよう The Orient; the East; Eastern civilisation. Refers to East and Southeast Asia.
517. 童謡 どうよう Children's song; nursery rhyme. Traditional songs sung by and for children.
518. 道路 どうろ Road; a paved path for vehicles and pedestrians.
519. 毒 どく Poison; a substance that causes harm or death when ingested or absorbed.
520. 独身 どくしん Single; unmarried. Refers to the state of not being married.
521. 特長 とくちょう Forte; merit; strong point. A distinguishing positive quality.
522. ところが ところが However; but contrary to expectations. Introduces an unexpected result.
523. ところで ところで By the way; incidentally. Used to change the topic in conversation.
524. 年月 としつき Months and years; a long period of time. The passage of time.
525. 図書 としょ Books; publications. Refers to books as a category or collection.
526. 年寄り としより Old person; elderly people. Refers to aged individuals.
527. 土地 とち Land; a plot of land; soil. Also refers to a region or locality.
528. トップ トップ Top; the highest position, rank, or leader.
529. 友 とも Friend; companion; pal. A person one is close to.
530. 虎 とら Tiger; a large wild cat native to Asia.
531. トラック トラック Truck; a large vehicle for transporting goods. Also: a running track.
532. ドラマ ドラマ Drama; a television drama or dramatic series.
533. トランプ トランプ Playing cards; a deck of cards used for card games.
534. ドレス ドレス Dress; a formal or elegant garment, especially for women.
535. トン トン Ton; a unit of weight equal to 1,000 kilograms.
536. トンネル トンネル Tunnel; an underground or through-mountain passageway.
537. 名 な Name; reputation; fame. One's name or standing in society.
538. 内容 ないよう Contents; subject matter; substance. The details or material within something.
539. 半ば なかば Middle; halfway; midpoint. Also used adverbially to mean 'partly' or 'half.'
540. 中身 なかみ Contents; interior; substance. What is inside something, literally or figuratively.
541. 眺め ながめ A scene or view; the prospect or outlook from a particular vantage point.
542. 流れ ながれ A stream or current; the flow of water, air, time, or events.
543. 無し なし Without; having none; the absence of something.
544. なぜなら なぜなら Because; the reason is that. Used to introduce an explanation or justification.
545. 謎 なぞ A riddle, puzzle, or enigma; something mysterious and unexplained.
546. 何か なにか Something; some kind of; anything (in questions and offers).
547. 何も なにも Nothing (with negative verb); not anything at all.
548. 鍋 なべ A pot or saucepan; also refers to hot pot dishes cooked and served in such a pot.
549. 生 なま Raw; unprocessed; uncooked. Also used for draft beer and fresh/live performances.
550. 波 なみ A wave; undulation of water, sound, or other phenomena.
551. 涙 なみだ A tear; tears shed from the eyes, typically from emotion.
552. 縄 なわ Rope; a thick cord made by twisting fibres together.
553. 何でも なんでも Anything; everything; whatever; by all means.
554. 何とか なんとか Somehow; one way or another; managing to do something with difficulty.
555. 日光 にっこう Sunlight; the light that comes from the sun.
556. 人気 にんき Popularity; public favour; being well-liked by many people.
557. 人間 にんげん A human being; a person; humanity as a concept.
558. 布 ぬの Cloth; fabric; textile material.
559. 願い ねがい A wish, desire, or request; a heartfelt hope for something.
560. ネズミ ねずみ A mouse or rat; small rodents of the family Muridae.
561. 年中 ねんじゅう All year round; throughout the year; always; constantly.
562. 年齢 ねんれい Age; the number of years a person has lived.
563. 野 の A field; an open area of uncultivated land; the wild.
564. 能 のう Ability; skill; talent; also the traditional Japanese theatrical art form Noh.
565. 農家 のうか Farmer; a farming household or family that works in agriculture.
566. 農業 のうぎょう Agriculture; farming as an industry or occupation.
567. 農民 のうみん Farmers; peasants; people who work the land.
568. ノー ノー No; a direct refusal or negation borrowed from English.
569. 残り のこり The rest; remainder; what is left over.
570. 望み のぞみ Wish; desire; hope; something one aspires to.
571. 場 ば Place;場所; scene; occasion; also 'field' in physics.
572. はあ はあ A sigh; an interjection expressing weariness, relief, or bewilderment.
573. パーセント パーセント Percent; a unit expressing a proportion out of one hundred.
574. バイオリン バイオリン Violin; a stringed musical instrument played with a bow.
575. パイプ パイプ Pipe; a tube for conveying water or gas; also a smoking pipe or an unofficial channel of communication.
576. パイロット パイロット Pilot; a person who flies an aircraft.
577. 墓 はか Grave; tomb; a burial site for the deceased.
578. 馬鹿 ばか Fool; idiot; a person who is stupid or does something foolish.
579. 始まり はじまり Beginning; start; origin of something.
580. 旗 はた Flag; banner; a piece of cloth used as a symbol or signal.
581. 肌 はだ Skin; the outer covering of the human body; also texture or temperament.
582. 裸 はだか Naked; nude; bare; unclothed state.
583. 畑 はたけ Field; cultivated plot of land for growing crops other than rice.
584. 働き はたらき Work; labour; function; the act of working or a role performed.
585. バッグ バッグ Bag; a container for carrying personal belongings.
586. 羽 はね Wing; feather; a body part of birds and insects used for flight, or a single plume.
587. 幅 はば Width; breadth; the horizontal extent or range of something.
588. 母親 ははおや Mother; a formal or objective way to refer to one's own or someone's mother.
589. 腹 はら Abdomen; belly; stomach. The torso area below the chest.
590. 原 はら Field; plain; a wide open area of grassland or wilderness.
591. 針 はり Needle; the hand of a clock or gauge. A thin, pointed instrument.
592. ピクニック ピクニック Picnic; an outing to eat outdoors, typically in a park or natural setting.
593. 悲劇 ひげき Tragedy; a dramatic work with an unhappy ending, or a deeply sad event.
594. 膝 ひざ Knee; lap. The joint in the middle of the leg, or the upper surface of the thighs when seated.
595. 非常 ひじょう Emergency; extraordinary; extremely unusual. Used as both a noun and adverb.
596. 額 がく Forehead; brow. The upper part of the face above the eyebrows.
597. 日付 ひづけ Date; the specific day noted on a calendar, document, or letter.
598. ビデオ ビデオ Video; video tape; video cassette recorder. Recorded visual media.
599. 人ごみ ひとごみ Crowd of people; a densely packed group of people in a public area.
600. 一人 ひとり One person; alone; by oneself. Being without company or assistance.
601. 紐 ひも String; cord; a thin rope or lace used for tying or binding.
602. 表情 ひょうじょう Facial expression; the look on someone's face conveying emotion.
603. 評判 ひょうばん Reputation; fame; public opinion about someone or something.
604. 表面 ひょうめん Surface; outside; the outer face of an object or the outward appearance of things.
605. 瓶 びん Bottle; jar. A glass or ceramic container for liquids or preserved foods.
606. 便 びん Flight; service; a scheduled transportation or mail delivery service.
607. ピン ピン Pin; a small, pointed fastening device used for holding things in place.
608. 不 ふ Un-; non-; a negative prefix that attaches to words to negate their meaning.
609. 風景 ふうけい Scenery; landscape; the visible features of an area, especially when beautiful.
610. 夫婦 ふうふ Married couple; husband and wife.
611. 笛 ふえ Flute; whistle. A general term for wind instruments played by blowing.
612. 武器 ぶき Weapon; arms. Tools or instruments used for fighting or combat.
613. 服装 ふくそう Clothing; attire; outfit. The way someone is dressed.
614. 袋 ふくろ Bag; sack. A container made of flexible material.
615. 節 せつ Section; season; tune; joint; knot. A point of division or a distinct segment.
616. 夫人 ふじん Wife; Mrs; madam. A respectful term for someone's wife.
617. 婦人 ふじん Woman; lady. A polite, somewhat formal term for an adult woman.
618. 双子 ふたご Twins; a twin. Two children born from the same pregnancy.
619. 普段 ふだん Usually; ordinarily; in everyday situations.
620. 縁 ふち Edge; rim; border. The outer boundary of a surface or object.
621. 物価 ぶっか Prices of goods; cost of living. The general price level of commodities.
622. 物質 ぶっしつ Material; substance; matter. Physical material that has mass and occupies space.
623. 筆 ふで Writing brush; a brush used for calligraphy and ink painting.
624. プラスチック プラスチック Plastic; synthetic resin material.
625. プラン プラン Plan; a detailed proposal or scheme for achieving something.
626. ブレーキ ブレーキ Brake; a device for slowing or stopping a vehicle.
627. 文明 ぶんめい Civilisation; an advanced state of human society with developed culture and technology.
628. 分野 ぶんや Field; sphere; area of study or activity.
629. 塀 へい Wall; fence. A structure that encloses or divides an area.
630. ベルト ベルト Belt; a strip of material worn around the waist to hold up clothing.
631. ペンキ ペンキ Paint; a coloured liquid applied to surfaces for protection or decoration.
632. ベンチ ベンチ Bench; a long seat for multiple people, typically found in parks or public spaces.
633. 弁当 べんとう Box lunch; a packed meal in a container, a staple of Japanese food culture.
634. 棒 ぼう Pole; rod; stick. A long, thin piece of material.
635. 宝石 ほうせき Gem; jewel. A precious or semiprecious stone, especially when cut and polished.
636. ボーイ ボーイ Boy; porter. A young male attendant or hotel bellboy.
637. ボート ボート Boat; a small watercraft, especially a rowing boat.
638. ホーム ホーム Platform (at a train station); home. Most commonly used for station platforms.
639. ボール ボール Ball; bowl. A spherical object used in sports, or a large mixing bowl.
640. 誇り ほこり Pride; a feeling of satisfaction and honor in one's achievements or identity.
641. 埃 ほこり Dust; fine particles of dirt or debris that settle on surfaces.
642. 歩道 ほどう Sidewalk; pavement; walkway. A path designated for pedestrians.
643. 仏 ほとけ Buddha; an enlightened being in Buddhism. Also refers to a deceased person.
644. 炎 ほのお Flame; blaze. A stream of hot, burning gas produced by fire.
645. 頬 ほお Cheek; the soft side of the face below the eye.
646. 堀 ほり Moat; canal. A man-made waterway, especially one surrounding a castle.
647. 本人 ほんにん The person in question; the person himself/herself. Used to identify someone directly.
648. マーケット マーケット Market; a place where goods are bought and sold, or the commercial activity itself.
649. マイク マイク Microphone; a device used to amplify or record sound.
650. 迷子 まいご Lost child; a child who has wandered away and cannot find their way back.
651. 幕 まく Curtain; act (of a play). A large cloth screen, or a division of a theatrical performance.
652. 負け まけ Defeat; loss. The state of having lost a competition or contest.
653. 孫 まご Grandchild; a child of one's son or daughter.
654. 間違い まちがい Mistake; error. Something that is incorrect or done wrongly.
655. 柵 さく Fence; railing; paling. A barrier made of wooden or metal bars.
656. 資格 しかく Qualifications; requirements; credentials needed for a position or role.
657. 視覚 しかく Sense of sight; vision. The faculty of seeing.
658. 字体 じたい Font; lettering style; the form or shape of written characters.
659. 視点 してん Point of view; viewpoint; perspective from which something is observed.
660. 脂肪 しぼう Fat; grease; body fat. The oily substance stored in animal tissue.
661. 女史 じょし Ms.; Madam; a respectful title for a distinguished woman.
662. 新興 しんこう Rising; newly emerged; developing. Describes something recently established and growing.
663. 成年 せいねん Legal adulthood; age of majority. The age at which a person is considered legally adult.
664. 姓名 せいめい Full name; surname and given name combined.
665. 膳 ぜん Small dining table; meal tray; a set meal. Also used as a counter for meals.
666. 禅 ぜん Zen; a school of Mahayana Buddhism emphasising meditation and direct insight.
667. 像 ぞう Statue; image; figure. A representation of a person or thing in sculpture or art.
668. タイトル タイトル Title; the name of a book, film, song, or championship.
669. 盾 たて Shield; a protective barrier held to deflect attacks.
670. 例え たとえ Example; analogy; parable. An illustration used to explain or clarify something.
671. チャイム チャイム Chime; a doorbell or bell signal, especially the school bell.
672. 露 つゆ Dew; morning moisture that forms on surfaces overnight.
673. 同士 どうし Fellow; companion; people who share the same status or situation.
674. 同志 どうし Comrade; kindred spirit; a person who shares the same ideals or goals.
675. 並 なみ Medium; ordinary; average. A standard or unremarkable level of quality or size.
676. 難 なん Difficulty; hardship; defect; flaw.
677. 年鑑 ねんかん Yearbook; annual publication; a reference book published once a year.
678. 脳 のう Brain; the organ of the central nervous system; also used for memory and intellect.