责备

• ピンイン: zé bèi
• 漢字の分解: 责 = 主 + 贝 (responsibility/blame); 备 = 夂 + 田 + 用 (to prepare/fully)

意味

責める；非難する

Implies a degree of authority or moral standing from which to criticize. Stronger than 批评 (criticize) but less harsh than 斥责 (rebuke). Often used when the criticism comes from superiors, elders, or close relationships.

例文

1. 老师责备他考试作弊，严厉警告不可再犯。
2. 他因工作失误而受到上司的责备，决心今后更加谨慎。
3. 母亲责备她深夜不归，言语中满是担忧。

使い方ガイド

場面: interpersonal, workplace, family

トーン: negative

正しい言い方

• 他没有责备任何人，而是主动承担了全部责任。(He didn't blame anyone but took full responsibility himself.)
• 面对失败，与其责备他人，不如反思自己的不足。(When facing failure, rather than blaming others, it's better to reflect on your own shortcomings.)

避ける言い方

• 责备一下想法 — 责备 is for blaming people for their actions, not for criticizing ideas; use 反对 or 否定

起源と歴史

责 (to blame/demand) + 备 (to be complete/equipped, here: fully)

文化的背景

世代: All ages

社会的背景: Universal