一塌糊涂

• ピンイン: yī tā hú tú
• 漢字の分解: 一 = all/completely (intensifier); 塌 = 土 + 鳖 component (earth + collapsing form — to cave in, collapse); 糊 = 米 + 胡 (rice + muddled — paste, muddy); 涂 = 氵 + 余 (water + excess — to smear, muddle over)

意味

めちゃくちゃだ／大混乱だ

Used when things have gone disastrously wrong on several fronts simultaneously: 考得一塌糊涂 (failed exams completely), 管理得一塌糊涂 (managed in utter chaos), 闹得一塌糊涂 (ended up in complete disorder). Always strongly negative. Often implies that recovery is difficult.

例文

1. 由于前期规划严重不足，这个项目的进度、预算和团队协作全都搞得一塌糊涂，最终不得不引入外部顾问全面整改。
2. 他在现场演讲时突然大脑空白，表达得一塌糊涂，事后花了好几天才从那种挫败感中恢复过来。
3. 经过这场持续数月的商业纠纷，两家合作多年的公司关系已闹得一塌糊涂，短期内难以修复。

使い方ガイド

場面: criticism, narrative, colloquial, business

トーン: negative

正しい言い方

• 公司连续三季财报数据混乱、披露不全，内部审计认定财务管理一塌糊涂，必须立即请第三方会计师事务所全面审查。(The company's financial reports for three straight quarters were messy and incomplete, and internal audit concluded that financial management was a complete mess, requiring an immediate full review by a third-party accounting firm.)
• 因核心决策层长期在战略方向上分歧严重，这家科技初创公司把研发和推广都搞得一塌糊涂，融资前也没做出成熟产品。(Because the core decision-makers had long had serious disagreements over strategy, this tech start-up made a complete mess of both research and marketing, and still had no mature product before fundraising ended.)

避ける言い方

• 这道菜做得一塌糊涂 — while grammatically plausible, 一塌糊涂 is reserved for serious breakdowns in complex systems or situations; for a poorly cooked dish use 做得很糟糕 or 难以下咽

起源と歴史

一 (all/completely — intensifier) + 塌 (to collapse/cave in — 土 earth + 鳖 radical; to sink and cave in) + 糊 (paste/smear — 米 rice + 胡 muddled; to muddy) + 涂 (to smear/daub — 氵 water + excess; to cover over, muddle)

文化的背景

時代: Modern

世代: All ages

社会的背景: Universal