养老金

• ピンイン: yǎng lǎo jīn
• 漢字の分解: 养 = 羊 (sheep) + 食 (food — to nourish); 老 = pictographic (a bent elderly figure leaning on a staff); 金 = 人 (person) + 土 (earth under roof, originally depicting metal ore — precious metal, then money)

意味

年金（退職後に受け取る給付）。

A core concept in China's social security system. The basic pension (基本养老金) is administered by the state; enterprise annuities (企业年金) and personal pension accounts (个人养老金) supplement it. Ongoing policy debates revolve around pension fund gaps, the ageing population, and retirement age reform. A major concern for millions of urban and rural residents.

例文

1. 随着人口老龄化程度不断加深，如何确保养老金的长期可持续支付成为政府制定社会保障政策时面临的核心挑战之一。
2. 他在国有企业工作了三十五年，退休后每月可以领取一笔数额可观的养老金，足以维持体面的退休生活。
3. 近年来国家积极推进个人养老金制度建设，鼓励在职人员在基本养老保险之外为自己的晚年生活进行额外储备。

使い方ガイド

場面: policy, finance, social welfare, retirement

トーン: neutral

正しい言い方

• 按照现行制度规定，职工在达到法定退休年龄并累计缴纳养老保险满十五年后，方可按月申领基本养老金。(Under the current statutory provisions, employees may apply to receive the basic pension on a monthly basis only after reaching the statutory retirement age and having cumulatively contributed to the pension insurance for at least fifteen years.)
• 面对养老金缺口扩大的压力，部分省市已开始探索延迟退休方案，以期通过延长缴费年限来缓解基金收支不平衡的问题。(Faced with the pressure of a widening pension gap, some provinces and cities have begun exploring delayed retirement schemes, hoping to ease the imbalance between fund revenues and expenditures by extending the contribution period.)

避ける言い方

• 领退休钱 — 养老金 is the standard and formal term; 退休钱 is overly colloquial and imprecise; in formal speech, administrative contexts, and financial planning always use 养老金 or 退休金

起源と歴史

养老 (to support the elderly; to provide for old age) + 金 (gold/money — 人 person + 土 earth under a roof, originally precious metal; extended to mean money or a fund)

文化的背景

時代: Modern

世代: Middle-aged and older

社会的背景: Universal